L1 CHP 1 - microbial world and you Flashcards
(42 cards)
Who reported that “living things are composed of little boxes, or cells?” What did this mark the beginning of?
Robert Hooke, 1665, marked the beginning of cell theory
Who observed the first microbe? When was it discovered?
Leeuwenhock, mid 1600s, “animalcules”
What is spontaneous generation?
the hypothesis that life arises from nonliving matter; a “vital force” is necessary for life
What is Biogenesis?
the hypothesis that living cells arise only from pre-existing living cells
When and What did Redi experiment and prove?
In 1668 Redi filled jars w/ decaying meat to prove life did not rise from nonlife
Who tried to experiment and support spontaneous generation?
In 1765 Spallanzani boiled nutrient solutions in a sealed flask, no growth of microbes
Who proved that microorganisms can be present in non living matter?
Louis Pasteur
When did Pasteur prove his theory?
1861
What did Pasteur provide/demonstrate/prove?
- Proved that microorganisms can be present in nonliving matter
- microbial life can be destroyed through heat
- microbes are responsible for food spoilage
- provides the basis for aseptic techniques
How long did the golden age of microbiology last?
1874-1914
What is Fermentation?
Microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air
Define “pasteurization”
application of a high heat for a short amount of time to kill harmful bacteria
What is the “germ theory of disease?”
The principle that microorganisms cause disease
When was the germ theory of disease first proved?
1835, when Bassi showed that a silkworm disease was caused by a fungus
How did pasteur show that microorganisms cause disease?
In 1865, Showed that another silkworm disease was caused by protozoa
What did Ignaz Semmelweis do?
1840s, Advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever from one to another
Who produced the first vaccine?
Edward Jenner
When and how did Jenner create a vaccine?
inoculated a person with cowpox virus, who was then immune to smallpox
What is chemotherapy?
treatment of disease with chemicals
What are synthetic drugs used for?
to treat infectious disease
What are antibiotics?
chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi that inhibit or kill other microbes
Who and when was the first antibiotic discovered?
1928, Alexander Fleming
How did Fleming discover the first antibiotic?
observed that Penicillium fungus made an antiobiotic called peniccilin, that killed S. auereus (staph)
What are some problems with Antimicrobial chemicals?
- overuse leads to resistance
- some can be toxic to humans
