L11A PHYLOGENETICS

Question 1

Who was it who recognized that the species they observed were the modified descendants of earlier ones?

Answer 1

Darwin.

Question 2

How do scientists categorize patterns found in evolution?

Answer 2

Through the similarities/differences in morphological characters, and molecular (DNA) characters.

Question 3

What is phylogeny?

Answer 3

A hypothesis for the evolutionary history of a (group of) species.

Question 4

Fill in the blanks.

Answer 4

A. Branch point
B. Ancestral lineage or root node
C. Common ancestor
D. Polytomy
E. Taxon
F. Sister taxa
G. Basal taxon

Question 5

Why are the evolutionary hypothesis not factual?

Answer 5

Because they are based solely on existing data and represent the best explanation.

Question 6

What is a character?

Answer 6

Characters are the anatomical or physiological features that make up organisms.

Question 7

To be considered useful, a character must vary ____ species but not ____ species.

Answer 7

Among, within.

Question 8

What is the process for using molecular data to build phylogenetic tree?

Think of it on a molecular level.

Answer 8

The sequence of DNA is analyzed. Closely related species will have similar looking DNA sequences, distant relatives will have much different bases in different regions of the DNA.

Question 9

Name the 6 kingdom system.

Answer 9

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi.

Simplified as Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya (plantae+animalia+fungi+protista).

Further simplified as Prokaryotes (bacteria+archaea) and Eukaryotes (eukarya).