L12A PROTISTS

Question 1

What domain do protists belong to?

Answer 1

None. The protista kingdom has been abandoned.

Question 2

What kind of group do protists belong to?

think about ancestry.

Answer 2

Polyphyletic group: a group derived from 2+ ancestors.

Question 3

What is a protist?

(rather… what is it not?)

Answer 3

A eukaryote that is not an animal, a fungi or a plant.

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE: protists are asexual.

Answer 4

FALSE: protists can be asexual or sexual.

Question 5

Where can you find protists?

Answer 5

Aquatic or moist terrestrial environments.

Question 6

What are the three sub-categories of protists?

Answer 6

1. animal-like
2. fungus-like
3. plant-like.

Question 7

What are characteristics of animal-like protists?

*involves a sub-characterization

Answer 7

1. Unicellular
2. heterotrophic
3. further categorized by mode of locomotion.

Question 8

What are the three sub-categories of animal-like protists?

Answer 8

1. Pseudopodia
2. Cillia
3. Flagella

Question 9

How many protists have pseudopods?

Answer 9

1:Amoeba.

Question 10

What are ciliates?

Answer 10

Group of protists characterized by their cilia (tiny feeties used to move and feed)

Question 11

What are flagellates?

Answer 11

Group of protists characterized by flagella used for swimming/locomotion.

Question 12

How do ciliates regulate their water levels?

Answer 12

Through contractile vacuoles.

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE: fungus-like protists cannot photosynthesize.

Answer 13

TRUE: They are heterotrophic. They grow over the surface of their food source to aqcuire nutrients..

Question 14

Molds are ____- like protists.

Answer 14

Fungus.

Question 15

Who are plant-like protists?

Answer 15

Algae.

Question 16

Can algae produce their own food?

Answer 16

Yes, they are photosynthetic.

Question 17

What are the three main modes of nutrition in protists?

Answer 17

1. Photosynthesis
2. Absorptive feeding
3. Ingestive feeding.

Question 18

What is the difference between absorptive feeding and ingestive feeding?

Answer 18

Absorptive feeding involves the absorption of organic compounds(carbon) into the cell.
Ingestive feeding involves obtaining organic compounds by ingesting or engulfing packets of organic materials (prey).

So, absorptive feeing is the direct consumption of carbon from the environment. Ingestive feeding involves consuming another protist/organism and using that as the carbon source.

Question 19

Who are phytoplanktonic protists (2 main classes)?

Answer 19

Dinoflagellates and diatoms.

Question 20

There are two types of plankton. What are they, and what type of protists are they?

Answer 20

Phytoplankton(plant-like) and Zooplankton(animal-like).

Question 21

What are red tides?

Answer 21

Red tides refer to the concentrated presence of toxic, red pigment producing dinoflagellates. They produce a chemical that acts as a neurotoxin in other animals.

Question 22

Why do dinoflagellates produce a toxin?

Answer 22

To protect themselves from predation.

Question 23

What are Zooxanthellae?

Answer 23

Zooxanthellae are unicellular algae that live symbiotically with corals.

Question 24

Describe the mutualism seen between zooxanthellae and corals.

Answer 24

Zooxanthellae provide the corals with nutrients in the form of photosynthetic products (carbon). In return, the corals provide zooxanthellae protection, CO2 and access to light for the zooxanthellaue to photosynthesize.

Question 25

Define mutualistic symbiont.

Answer 25

A symbiont refers to an organism living in symbiosis, close + prolonged interaction between organisms of different species.
Mutualistic refers to mutualism, a type of symbiont where both organisms benefit from their interactions.

Question 26

What economic purposes do algae serve? (2)

Answer 26

1. Some species produce agar used to grow bacteria in labs.
2. Alginates are compounds found in algae that are used in food as stabilizers/Seaweed is highly popular and has many purposes in dishes.

Question 27

Where are protists on the food chain?

Answer 27

As primary producers, phytoplankton are the basis of the food chain.

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE: Zooplankton are primary producers.

Answer 28

FALSE: Zooplankton (animal-like) are primary consumers.

Question 29

Why are aquatic protists important? (3)

Answer 29

1. They are primary producers and consumers
2. They are very abundant
3. Some types of protists account for roughly 30% of world’s photosynthesis.