L17: Pharmacology Of The Autonomic NS

Question 1

What is the neurotransmitter released in parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurones

Answer 1

Ach

Question 2

What is the neurotransmitter released in parasympathetic post ganglion

Answer 2

Ach

Question 3

What receptor does ach from the parasympathetic pre ganglionic neurone act on

Answer 3

Nicotinic receptor

Question 4

What receptor does ach from the parasympathetic post ganglionic neurone act on

Answer 4

Muscarinic receptor

Question 5

What neurotransmitter is released from the parasympathetic pre ganglionic neurone

Answer 5

Ach

Question 6

What neurotransmitter is released from the sympathetic post ganglionic neurone

Answer 6

Noradrenaline or adrenaline

Question 7

What receptor does ach from the sympathetic pre ganglionic neurone act on

Answer 7

Nicotinic receptor

Question 8

What receptor does NA/A from the post ganglionic neurone act on

Answer 8

NA= alpha adrenoceptors 
Adrenaline= beta adrenoceptors

Question 9

Which system can the adrenal medulla become involved in

Answer 9

Sympathetic NS

Question 10

How can the adrenal medulla become part of the sympathetic ns

Answer 10

It can become innervated by sympathetic pre ganglionic neurones to release adrenaline/noradrenaline to effectors

Question 11

What type of a receptor is nicotinic receptors

Answer 11

Ligand gated ion channels

Question 12

How many sub units does a nicotinic receptor have

Answer 12

5

Question 13

What type of a receptor is muscarinic receptors

Answer 13

G-protein coupled receptors

Question 14

How many subtypes does muscarinic receptors have

Answer 14

5 therefore ranges from M1-M5

Question 15

How many transmembrane segments does a muscarinic receptor have

Answer 15

7

Question 16

What receptor does hexamethonium act on

Answer 16

Neuronal sub type of nicotinic receptor

Question 17

What is hexamethonium

Answer 17

A selective non competitive antagonist

Question 18

What does non competitive mean in terms of hexamethoniums action

Answer 18

Is does not bind to the same site as ach on the nicotinic receptor

Question 19

What does hexamethonium result in

Answer 19

Blockage of all sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation

Question 20

Name a muscarinic aganoist

Answer 20

Muscarine

Question 21

What is the action of muscarine

Answer 21

Mimics the actions of the parasympathetic

Question 22

What is the action of muscarine on cardiac muscle

Answer 22

Decreased heart rate

Question 23

What is the action of muscarine in smooth muscle

Answer 23

Vasodilation

Question 24

What is the action of muscarine in exocrine glands

Answer 24

Increase secretions

Question 25

What are the disadvantages of using muscarine

Answer 25

Muscarine poisoning

Question 26

What are the effects of muscarine poisoning

Answer 26

``` Bradycardia Vasodilation and fall in BP Increased gut motility Bronchoconstriction Salivation ```

Question 27

What is the treatment for muscarine poisoning

Answer 27

Atropine

Question 28

What is atropine

Answer 28

A muscarinic competitive antagonist

Question 29

What is pilocarpine

Answer 29

A muscarinic agonist

Question 30

What receptor does pilocarpine act on

Answer 30

M3 on ciliary muscle

Question 31

Where are M1 receptors located

Answer 31

Stomach | Salivary glands

Question 32

Where are m2 receptors located

Answer 32

Cardiac muscle

Question 33

Where are m3 receptors located

Answer 33

Smooth muscle

Question 34

What is the clinical use of muscarinic antagonist

Answer 34

``` Asthma Bradycardia Decrease secretion Dilate pupils Motion sickness ```

Question 35

What are the main 5 subtypes of adrenoceptors

Answer 35

``` Alpha 1 Alpha 2 Beta 1 Beta 2 Beta 3 ```

Question 36

Where are beta 2 adrenoceptors located

Answer 36

In the lungs

Question 37

Where are beta 1 adrenoceptors located

Answer 37

In the heart

Question 38

Where are beta 3 adrenoceptor located

Answer 38

Bladder

Question 39

Name an agonist that acts on alpha 1 adrenoceptors

Answer 39

Pehylephrine

Question 40

Name an agonist that acts on alpha 2 adrenoceptors

Answer 40

Brimonidine

Question 41

What is happens inside the cell when noradrenaline binds to alpha 1 adrenoceptors

Answer 41

1) Binding of NA activates alpha 1 adrenoceptors which is a GCPRs 2) Gq protein dissociates and activates phospholipase c 3) phospholipase C produces IP3 and DAG 4) IP3 acts on IP3 receptors on endoplasmic reticulum to release calcium 5) calcium causes smooth muscle contraction

Question 42

What is the G-protein of alpha 2 adrenoceptor sea

Answer 42

Gi

Question 43

What is the G protein of all beta adrenoceptors

Answer 43

Gs

Question 44

What is the G protein of M1 and M3 receptor

Answer 44

Gq

Question 45

What is the G protein of M2 receptor

Answer 45

Gi

Question 46

What does gi proteins lead to

Answer 46

Decrease in adenyl cyclase enzyme | Inhibition of CAMP messenger

Question 47

What does gq protein lead to

Answer 47

Increase in adenyl cyclase enzyme | Stimulation in CAMP messenger

Question 48

Which alpha adrenoceptor antagonist is used to treat hypertension

Answer 48

Doxazosin

Question 49

Which alpha adrenoceptor antagonist is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 49

Tamsulosin

Question 50

Which beta adrenoceptor agonist is used to treat cardiogenic shock

Answer 50

Adrenaline

Question 51

Which beta agonist is used to treat anaphylactic shock

Answer 51

Adrenaline

Question 52

Which beta agonist is used to treat asthma

Answer 52

Salbutamol

Question 53

How is noradrenaline recycled

Answer 53

Noradrenaline is taken back into the cell by noradrenaline transporter Noradrenaline is Brocken down by monoamine oxidase

Question 54

Which drugs can prevent the uptake of noradrenaline

Answer 54

Cocaine | Tricyclics antidepressants

Question 55

What is the role of the enzyme monoamine oxidase

Answer 55

Break down noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin

Question 56

Which drugs can bind to monoamine oxidase irreversibly

Answer 56

Phenelzine Traylcypromine Maclobemide