L19 - Accessory Digestive Organs

Question 1

What are the accessory digestive organs? (4)

Answer 1

• liveer
• gallbladder
• pancreas
• salivary glands

Question 2

What do accessory digestive organs do?

Answer 2

produce, store and secrete digestive enzymes and buffers

Question 3

both the ___ and ___ have functions in other body systems

Answer 3

• liver
• pancreas

Question 4

What is the liver?

Answer 4

• largest visceral organ (mass 1.5kg)

Question 5

What are the livers functions? (3)

Answer 5

• metabolic
• hematological
• digestive

Question 6

What is the metabolic function of the liver?

Answer 6

hepatocytes regulate circulating

Question 7

What is the hematological function of the liver?

Question 8

What is the digestive function of the liver?

Answer 8

synthesizes and secretes bile

Question 9

what is anything with “hepato” in it related to?

Answer 9

the liver

Question 10

describe the location of the liver

Answer 10

• immediately inferior to the diaphragm
• right upper abdomen
• sits superior and lateral to stomach, right kidney and intestines

Question 11

what is the diaphragmatic surface?

Answer 11

• superior and anterior surfaces of liver
• smooth
• follows curve of diaphragm and body wall

Question 12

what is thre bare area of the liver?

Answer 12

area in direct contact with the diaphragm, no visceral peritoneum

Question 13

what is the visceral surface?

Answer 13

• posterior and inferior surfaces
• has impressions from the stomach, small intetsine, right kidney and large intestine

Question 14

What are the four lobes of the liver?

Answer 14

• right
• left
• caudate
• quadrate

Question 15

What are the ligaments of the liver made up of?

Answer 15

double folds of peritoneum

Question 16

What are the 5 liagments in the liver?

Answer 16

• falciform ligament
• coronary ligament
• right and left triangular ligaments
• roud ligaments (ligamentum teres)

Question 17

falciform ligament

Answer 17

attaches liver to anterior body wall and divides the liver into right and left loves

Question 18

coronary ligament

Answer 18

suspends liver from the diaphragm

Question 19

right and left triangular ligaments

Answer 19

on superior aspect, towards lateral body wall

Question 20

roud ligaments (ligamentum teres)

Answer 20

thickening of inferor margin of falciform ligament, embryological remnant of umbilival vein

Question 21

What is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder?

Answer 21

bile

Question 22

what does bile do?

Answer 22

helps in the digestion of dietary lipids through emulsification

Question 23

Gross anatomy of the gallbladder (5)

Answer 23

• cyctic duct
• neck
• infundibulum
• fundus
• right and left hepatic duct

Question 24

Common hepatic duct and cystic duct join to creates the ____ duct

Answer 24

common bile duct

Question 25

the common bile duct empties into the _____

Answer 25

duodenum

Question 26

arterial supply of the gallbladder

Answer 26

cyctic artery (branch of hepatic artery proper)

Question 27

venous drainage of the gallbladder

Answer 27

cystic vein into the hepatic portal vein

Question 28

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 28

doorway to the liver

Question 29

structures of the porta hepatis (3)

Answer 29

- hepatic portal vein - hepatic arteru proper - common hepatic duct

Question 30

origin of the artery in the porta hepatis

Answer 30

abdominal aorta > celiac trunk > common hepatic artery > hepatic artery proper

Question 31

origin of the vein in the porta hepatis

Answer 31

union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein, posterior to the pancreas, forms the hepatic portal vein

Question 32

hepatic portal vein carries venous blood from the... (6)

Answer 32

- small intestine - large intestine - stomach - pancreas - gallbladder - spleen

Question 33

heptatic portal system is connected between two ____ ___

Answer 33

capillary beds

Question 34

nutrint-rich venous blood drains from the __ and _ and travels to the ___ for processing

Answer 34

- stomach - intestines - liver

Question 35

heptaic portal system steps

Answer 35

1. small intestine absrobes products for digestion 2. nutrient molecules trave; in hepatic portal vein to liver 3. liver monitos blood contents 4. blood enters general circulation by way of the hepatic veins, which empty into the inferior vena cava

Question 36

portal area contains a triad of... (3)

Answer 36

- a small branch of the hepatic portal vein - a small branch of the hepatic artery proper - a bile duct

Question 37

processing at the liver

Answer 37

- lobules are the functional unit of the liver - they are hexagonal in shape - at the center of each lobule, there is a central vein - at each corner, ther's a portal area containign a portal triad

Question 38

Blood flows towards the ___ ____

Answer 38

central vein

Question 39

as blood flows towards the centre, _____ absorb and secret substances, altering the blood entering ______ ______

Answer 39

- hepatocytes - systemic circulation

Question 40

blood provided by the ____ ____ proper and the ____ ____ ____ flows from the ___ ____ towards the ____ _____

Answer 40

- hepatic artery - hepatic portal vein - portal area - central vein

Question 40

___ ___ join together into ___ ___

Answer 40

- central veins - hepatic veins

Question 40

filtered blood passes from ____ ____ to ___ ____, drains into the ____ vena cava, eventually emptying into the ____ _____ of the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body

Answer 40

- central veins - hepatic veins - inferior - right atrium

Question 41

____ produce bile and the ___ flows outwards to ____ ____

Answer 41

- hepatocytes - bile - portal areas

Question 41

bile duct branch which leads to the ___ _ _ ___ ___

Answer 41

rest of the duct system

Question 41

small projections called ____ ____ carry bile to the bile duct of the ____ portal area

Answer 41

- bile canaliculi - closest

Question 42

___ ___ ___ delivers oxygenated blood to the liver

Answer 42

hepatic artery proper

Question 43

___ ___ ___ delivers deoxygenated, but nutrient rich blood from the digestive tract

Answer 43

hepatic portal vein

Question 44

___ ___ ___ carries bile produced by the liver away

Answer 44

common hepatic duct

Question 45

exocrine functions of the pancreas

Answer 45

- produces digestive enzymes and alkaline buffers to neutralize the acidic chyme - duct system within pancreas carries the fluid to the duodenum

Question 46

endocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 46

produces hormone like insulin

Question 47

what does exocrine mean?

Answer 47

substances are secreted into system to an epithelial surface (ex: to the gut)

Question 48

what does endocrine mean?

Answer 48

substance is secreted into interstitial fluid and then into the bloodstream

Question 49

Gross anatomy of the pancreas

Answer 49

- accessory pancreatic duct - pancreatic duct - neck of pancreas - body of pancreas - tail of pancreas - head of pancreas - uncinate process of pancreas (uncinate = hook)

Question 50

arterial blood supply to pancreas

Answer 50

branches of the splenic artery and the pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 51

venous blood drainage to pancreas

Answer 51

splenic vein

Question 52

the gallbladder and pancreas empty into the ____

Answer 52

duodenum

Question 53

secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas are transported to the duodenum via ___ ___-

Answer 53

duct systems

Question 54

the fluid enter the duodenum through ____

Answer 54

papilla

Question 55

what is papilla?

Answer 55

a small, rounded protuberance on an organ or part of the body