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ANAT 316 Term 1 > L21 - The Perineum > Flashcards

L21 - The Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

The perineum

A
  • lies inferior to the pelvic floor, between the lower limbs
  • formed from soft tissue inferior to the pelvic floor, ending wiht skin
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2
Q

Superficial

A

inferior, closer to the skin

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3
Q

deep

A

superior, closer to the pelvic diaphragm

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4
Q

pelvic floor review muscles

A
  • obturator internus
  • levator ani
  • coccygeus
  • urogenital hiatus
  • rectal hiatus
  • piriformis
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5
Q

borders of the perineum

A
  • pubic symphysis
  • ishciopubis ramus
  • ischial tuberosity
  • coccyx/sacrum
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6
Q

triangles of the perineum

A
  • urogenital triangle
  • anal triangle
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7
Q

urogenital triangle

A
  • anterior portion of perineum
  • bounded by 1) pubic symphysis, 2) ishcial tubersoity
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8
Q

anal triangle

A
  • posterior portion of perineum
  • bounded by 1) ischial tuberosities 2) coccyx
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9
Q

Male genitalia (3)

A
  • penis
  • scrotum
  • urethra
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10
Q

body of penis structures (3)

A
  • glans
  • corpus cavernosum
  • corpus spongiosum
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11
Q

root of penis strctures (2)

A
  • crus
  • bulb
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12
Q

penis structures (transverse section through penile shaft) - (4)

A
  • corpus cavernosum
  • corpus spongiosum
  • deep penile artery
  • urethra
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13
Q

Urethra structurs (7)

A
  • bladder
  • prostate
  • prostatic urethra
  • membranpous urethra
  • spongy urethra
  • corupus spongiosum
  • external urethral orifice
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14
Q

Female genitalia structures

A
  • prepuce of clitoris
  • mons pubis
  • clitoris
  • labia majora
  • labia minora
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15
Q

pudendal cleft

A
  • space between labia majora and labia minora
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16
Q

Female genitalia - vestibule borders

A
  • clitoris: anterior border
  • labia minora: lateral border
  • fourchette: posterior border
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17
Q

Female genitalia - vestibule components

A
  • external urethral orifice
  • vaginal orifice
  • bulb of vestibule
  • greater vestibular glands
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18
Q

Erectile tissue - root: structures

A
  • crus of clitoris
  • greater vestibular gland
  • bulb of vestibule
19
Q

Erectile tissue - body: structures

A
  • glands of clitoris
  • body of clitoris (corpora cavernosa)
20
Q

urethra: structures

A
  • external urethral sphincter (surrounds entire urethra)
  • urethrovagunal sphincter (surrounds urethra and vagina)
  • compressor urethrae (surrounds anterior urethra)
21
Q

urogenital triangle

A
  • anterio rportion of perineum
  • bounded by 1) pubiv symphysis 2) ischia tuberosities
22
Q

urogenital triangle components superficial to deep

A
  • skin
  • perineal fascia
  • superificial perineal pouch
  • perineal membrane
  • deep perineal pouch
  • pelvic floor
23
Q

deep perineal pouch

A
  • between pelvic floor superiorly, and perineal membrane inferiorly
  • lies superior the perineal membrane
  • forms the external urethral sphincter
24
Q

deep perineal pouch: males

A
  • deep transverse perineal muscle
  • external urethral sphincter (voluntary control, surrounds membranous urethra)
25
Q

deep perineal pouch: females

A
  • external urethral sphincter
  • urethrovaginal sphincter
  • compressor urethrae
  • deep transverse perineal muscle
26
Q

perineal membrane

A

deep perineal pouch –> perineal membrane –> superificial perineal pouch

27
Q

superificial perineal pouch

A
  • between perineal membrane superiorly, and deep perineal fascia inferiorly
  • lies inferior to the perineal membrane
  • superior limit –> perineal membrane
  • inferior limit –> colles’ fascia
28
Q

superificial perineal pouch: males

A
  • bulbospongiosus (compresses bulb of penis during erection)
  • ischiocavenrbous (compresses crus of penis during erection)
  • superiorical transvers perineal muscle
29
Q

superificial perineal pouch: females

A
  • bulbospongiosus (compresses bulb of clitoris during erection)
  • ischiocavenrbous (compresses crus of clioris during orgasm)
  • superiorical transvers perineal muscle
30
Q

perineal fascia: superifical layer

A

continous with Camper’s fascia pf anterior abdominal wall

31
Q

perineal fascia: deep layer

A
  • continuous with Scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abdominal wall
  • Colles’ fascia
32
Q

Perineal body

A

convergence/interlacing of
- bulbospongious
- superifical/deep perineal muscles
- external anal sphrincter
- pelvic floor muscles

33
Q

Anal triangle contents

A
  • anal aperture
  • external anal sphincter
  • ischiorectal fossa
  • pudendal canal
33
Q

Anal triangle

A
  • posterior portion of perineum
  • bounded by 1) ischial tuberosities 2) coccyx
  • no perineal membrane here!!
33
Q

Ischiorectal fossa

A
  • obturator internus
  • levator ani
34
Q

Borders of the ischiorectal fossa

A
  • lateral border: obturator internus
  • superior border: levator ani
  • medial border: external anal sphincter
  • inferior border: perineal fascia
35
Q

pudendal canal: neurovasculature structures

A
  • pudendal nerve
  • internal pudenda; artery
  • internal pudendal vein
36
Q

anal canal structures

A
  • external anal sphincter
  • internal anal sphincter
  • rectal ampulla
  • anal canal
37
Q

internal anal sphincter

A

involuntary: relaxes during normal defecation

38
Q

External anal canal sphincter functions

A

voluntary: compresses to keep spincter shut

39
Q

Blood supply

A
  • abdominal aorta (bifurcation at L4)
  • external iliac artery (blood supply to the lower limbs)
  • common iliac artery (bifurcation at sarcoiliac joint)
  • internal iliac artery (blood supply to the pelvis
40
Q

blood supply - perineum

A
  • internal iliac artery
  • internal pudendal artery
41
Q

blood supply - rectum

A
  • inferior mesenteric artery
  • superior rectal artery
  • internal iliac artery
  • middle rectal artery
  • inferior rectal artery

ANAT 316 Term 1 (22 decks)

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