Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT 316 Term 1 > Lecture 11 - Heart and Thorax > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Heart and Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic cavity contains:

A
  • organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and lympathic systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the thoracis cavity subdivided into? (3)

A
  • mediastinum
  • pleural cavities (right and left)
  • pericardial cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mediastinum

A

central compartment of the thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pleural cavities

A

surround the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pericardial cavity

A

surrounds the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bounderies of the thoracic cavity

A

bounded anteriorly and posteriorly by the -> thoracic cage:
- ribs
- sternum
- thoracic spine
- muscles
bounded inferiorly by the diaphram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the heart located?

A
  • located in the middle mediastinum within the pericardial cavity
  • directly posterior to the sternum
  • between the lungs
  • superior to the diaphragm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Apex of the heart points…

A

anteroinferiorly, and to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

base of the heart is…

A

posterior and superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Overview of the heart

A
  • 4 chambered organ
  • heart pumps blood throughout the body within a network of blood vessels
  • chambers contract to pump blood
  • flow of blood through the heart is controlled via valves
  • blood is driven through two circuits
  • pulmonary & systemic circuits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pulmonary circulation

A
  • pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to become ocygenated
  • pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

systemic circulation

A
  • pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
  • returns deoygenated blood back to the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pericardium

A
  • layered, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart
  • formed by the:
    • outer fibrous pericradium
    • inner serous pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fibrous pericardium

A
  • outer dense connective tissue layer that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels
  • base of the fibrous pericardium is fused with the central tendon of the tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pericardium: central tendon

A

aponeurosis or flattened tendinois thickening of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fibrous Pericardium: function

A
  • anchors the heart in place
  • provides protection
  • prevents overextension of the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Serious pericradium: layers (2)

A
  • parietal (of the body cavities) pericardium
  • visceral ( of the viscera (organs
    )) pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

parietal pericardium

A

fused with the fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

visceral pericardium

A

adhered to the surface of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pericardial cavity/space

A
  • space between the visceral and parietal pericardium layers
  • contains small amount of pericardiul fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pericardiul fluid

A

acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the opposing surfaces of the heart and the pericardium as the heart beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pericardial cavity: potential space

A
  • adjacent structures are normally pressed together
    • opposing layers of the visceral and parietal pericardium are in vlose contact
  • can expand unfer pathological conditions (ex: pericardial effusin: accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial cavity due to infection, injury, etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

External anatomy of the heart

A
  • 4 chambers
    • 2 atria
    • 2 venticles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

atria

A
  • each atria has an auricle
  • forms the base of the heart (posteriorly)
20
Q

ventricles

A
  • form the apex of the heart
21
Q

Septa

A
  • seperate chambers of the heart
    • interatrial septa seperates right and left atria
    • interventricular spetum seperates the right and left ventricles
22
Q

Grooves

A
  • atrioventricular
  • anterior interventricular
    posterior interventricular
23
Q

Great vessels of the heart

A

large arteries and veins that drain blood into the atria, and pump blood away from the heart via the ventricles;
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- pulmonary trunk
- pulmonary arteries
- pulmonary veins
- aorta

24
Q

coronary circulation: arterial supply

A

right coronary arery (in atrioventricular groove) -> left coronary artery -> left anterior descending artery ( in anterior interventricular groove) -> circumflex artery

25
Q

coronary circulation: venous drainage

A

great cardiac vein -> small cardiac vein -> middle cardia vein -> coronary sinus -> draisn into right atrium

26
Q

superior and inferior vena cava

A

large veins that drain deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart

27
Q

inferior vena cava drains…

A
  • lower limbs
  • pelvic viscera
  • abdominal viscera
28
Q

superior vena cava drains…

A
  • thorax
  • head
  • neck
  • upper limbs
29
Q

anatomical features of the right atrium

A
  • pectinate muscles
  • fossa ovalis (depression on the interatrial spetum, embryological remnant of the foramen ovale)
30
Q

fossa ovalis

A
  • foramen ovale: functions during fetal development to allow blood to bypass the fetal lungs
  • formane ovale becomes the fossa ovalis after birth when the foramen ovale closes
31
Q

vessels: right atrium

A
  • SVC
  • IVC
  • coronary sinus (part of coronary circulation)
32
Q

valves: right atrium

A

tricupsid valve

33
Q

tricupsid valve

A
  • one-way valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
  • 3 cusps (tri-cuspid)
34
Q

anatomical features of the right ventricle

A
  • chordae tendinae (attach to valve cusps)
  • papillary muscles (anchor the chordae tendinae)
  • trabeculae carnea
    • collectively, these structures prevent prolapse of the valve during contraction of the ventricle
35
Q

vessels: right ventricle

A
  • pulmonary trunk
  • pulmonary arteries (2)
36
Q

pulmonary arteries carry…

A

deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

36
Q

valves: right venticle

A
  • tricupsid valve
  • pulmonary valve
37
Q

which way do the arteries and veins carry blood?

A
  • arteries = away from teh heart
  • veins = to the heart
37
Q

anatomical features of the left atrium

A
  • pectinate muscle
37
Q

pulmonary veins

A
  • once blood has become ocygenated, it enters the pulmonay veins (carry ocygenated blood from the elungs to the left atrium)
37
Q

left atrium: valves

A
  • bicuspid/mitral valve
38
Q

left atrium: vessels

A
  • pulmonary veins
39
Q

anatomical features of the left ventricle

A
  • chordae tendinae
  • papillary muscles
  • trabeculae carneae
40
Q

left ventricle: valves

A

bicuspid (mitral) valve
- aortic valve

41
Q

left ventricle: vessels

A
  • aorta
42
Q

aorta

A
  • large artery that carries ocygenated blood from the heart (left ventricle) to the body
43
Q

arch of aorta

A
  • vranches supply head, neck, upper limbs
44
Q

descending aorta

A
  • aupplies blood to the thorax, abdomen, lower limbs
45
Q

blood flow though the heart (deoxygenated blood from the body to lungs)

A

deoxygenated blood from the body -> superior or inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries

46
Q

blood flow though the heart (oxygenated blood from lungs to the body)

A

oxygenated blood from lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta (arch of aorta & descending aorta) -> body

47
Q

Valve memory aid

A
  • “try before you buy”: tricuspid valve before bicuspid valve
  • tRicuspid has an “R” so its on the Right side of the heart
48
Q

Thoracic cavity: arterial supply

A

Posterior thoracic wall:
- aorta continues as the descendign thoracci aorta
- gives off the posterior intercostal arteries (supply the posterior thoracic wall)
Anterior thoracic wall:
- subclavian arteries give off the internal thoracic artery (anterior intercostal arteries (upper intercostal spaces))

49
Q

Thoracic cavity: venous drainage

A

Anterior and posterior intercostal veins drain into:
- axygous vein (right side)
- hemi-azygous and accessory hemiazygous veins (left side) then to azygous

50
Q

Innervations

A
  • intercostal nerves
  • formed by the ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves
    • motor: innevrates intercostal musclees
    • sensory: innervate the overlying skin

ANAT 316 Term 1 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions