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ANAT 316 Term 1 > Lecture 11 - Heart and Thorax > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Heart and Thorax Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Thoracic cavity contains:

A
  • organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and lympathic systems
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2
Q

What is the thoracis cavity subdivided into? (3)

A
  • mediastinum
  • pleural cavities (right and left)
  • pericardial cavity
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2
Q

Mediastinum

A

central compartment of the thoracic cavity

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3
Q

pleural cavities

A

surround the lungs

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3
Q

pericardial cavity

A

surrounds the heart

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3
Q

bounderies of the thoracic cavity

A

bounded anteriorly and posteriorly by the -> thoracic cage:
- ribs
- sternum
- thoracic spine
- muscles
bounded inferiorly by the diaphram

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4
Q

Where is the heart located?

A
  • located in the middle mediastinum within the pericardial cavity
  • directly posterior to the sternum
  • between the lungs
  • superior to the diaphragm
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5
Q

Apex of the heart points…

A

anteroinferiorly, and to the left

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5
Q

base of the heart is…

A

posterior and superior

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6
Q

Overview of the heart

A
  • 4 chambered organ
  • heart pumps blood throughout the body within a network of blood vessels
  • chambers contract to pump blood
  • flow of blood through the heart is controlled via valves
  • blood is driven through two circuits
  • pulmonary & systemic circuits
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7
Q

pulmonary circulation

A
  • pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to become ocygenated
  • pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
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8
Q

systemic circulation

A
  • pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
  • returns deoygenated blood back to the heart
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9
Q

pericardium

A
  • layered, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart
  • formed by the:
    • outer fibrous pericradium
    • inner serous pericardium
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10
Q

fibrous pericardium

A
  • outer dense connective tissue layer that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels
  • base of the fibrous pericardium is fused with the central tendon of the tendon
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11
Q

Pericardium: central tendon

A

aponeurosis or flattened tendinois thickening of the diaphragm

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12
Q

fibrous Pericardium: function

A
  • anchors the heart in place
  • provides protection
  • prevents overextension of the heart
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12
Q

Serious pericradium: layers (2)

A
  • parietal (of the body cavities) pericardium
  • visceral ( of the viscera (organs
    )) pericardium
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13
Q

parietal pericardium

A

fused with the fibrous pericardium

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14
Q

visceral pericardium

A

adhered to the surface of the heart

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15
Q

pericardial cavity/space

A
  • space between the visceral and parietal pericardium layers
  • contains small amount of pericardiul fluid
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16
Q

pericardiul fluid

A

acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the opposing surfaces of the heart and the pericardium as the heart beats

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17
Q

pericardial cavity: potential space

A
  • adjacent structures are normally pressed together
    • opposing layers of the visceral and parietal pericardium are in vlose contact
  • can expand unfer pathological conditions (ex: pericardial effusin: accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial cavity due to infection, injury, etc)
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18
Q

External anatomy of the heart

A
  • 4 chambers
    • 2 atria
    • 2 venticles
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19
Q

atria

Study These Flashcards
A
  • each atria has an auricle
  • forms the base of the heart (posteriorly)
20
ventricles
- form the apex of the heart
21
Septa
- seperate chambers of the heart - interatrial septa seperates right and left atria - interventricular spetum seperates the right and left ventricles
22
Grooves
- atrioventricular - anterior interventricular posterior interventricular
23
Great vessels of the heart
large arteries and veins that drain blood into the atria, and pump blood away from the heart via the ventricles; - superior vena cava - inferior vena cava - pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries - pulmonary veins - aorta
24
coronary circulation: arterial supply
right coronary arery (in atrioventricular groove) -> left coronary artery -> left anterior descending artery ( in anterior interventricular groove) -> circumflex artery
25
coronary circulation: venous drainage
great cardiac vein -> small cardiac vein -> middle cardia vein -> coronary sinus -> draisn into right atrium
26
superior and inferior vena cava
large veins that drain deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart
27
inferior vena cava drains...
- lower limbs - pelvic viscera - abdominal viscera
28
superior vena cava drains...
- thorax - head - neck - upper limbs
29
anatomical features of the right atrium
- pectinate muscles - fossa ovalis (depression on the interatrial spetum, embryological remnant of the foramen ovale)
30
fossa ovalis
- foramen ovale: functions during fetal development to allow blood to bypass the fetal lungs - formane ovale becomes the fossa ovalis after birth when the foramen ovale closes
31
vessels: right atrium
- SVC - IVC - coronary sinus (part of coronary circulation)
32
valves: right atrium
tricupsid valve
33
tricupsid valve
- one-way valve between the right atrium and right ventricle - 3 cusps (tri-cuspid)
34
anatomical features of the right ventricle
- chordae tendinae (attach to valve cusps) - papillary muscles (anchor the chordae tendinae) - trabeculae carnea - collectively, these structures prevent prolapse of the valve during contraction of the ventricle
35
vessels: right ventricle
- pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries (2)
36
pulmonary arteries carry...
deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
36
valves: right venticle
- tricupsid valve - pulmonary valve
37
which way do the arteries and veins carry blood?
- arteries = away from teh heart - veins = to the heart
37
anatomical features of the left atrium
- pectinate muscle
37
pulmonary veins
- once blood has become ocygenated, it enters the pulmonay veins (carry ocygenated blood from the elungs to the left atrium)
37
left atrium: valves
- bicuspid/mitral valve
38
left atrium: vessels
- pulmonary veins
39
anatomical features of the left ventricle
- chordae tendinae - papillary muscles - trabeculae carneae
40
left ventricle: valves
bicuspid (mitral) valve - aortic valve
41
left ventricle: vessels
- aorta
42
aorta
- large artery that carries ocygenated blood from the heart (left ventricle) to the body
43
arch of aorta
- vranches supply head, neck, upper limbs
44
descending aorta
- aupplies blood to the thorax, abdomen, lower limbs
45
blood flow though the heart (deoxygenated blood from the body to lungs)
deoxygenated blood from the body -> superior or inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries
46
blood flow though the heart (oxygenated blood from lungs to the body)
oxygenated blood from lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta (arch of aorta & descending aorta) -> body
47
Valve memory aid
- "try before you buy": tricuspid valve before bicuspid valve - tRicuspid has an "R" so its on the Right side of the heart
48
Thoracic cavity: arterial supply
Posterior thoracic wall: - aorta continues as the descendign thoracci aorta - gives off the posterior intercostal arteries (supply the posterior thoracic wall) Anterior thoracic wall: - subclavian arteries give off the internal thoracic artery (anterior intercostal arteries (upper intercostal spaces))
49
Thoracic cavity: venous drainage
Anterior and posterior intercostal veins drain into: - axygous vein (right side) - hemi-azygous and accessory hemiazygous veins (left side) then to azygous
50
Innervations
- intercostal nerves - formed by the ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves - motor: innevrates intercostal musclees - sensory: innervate the overlying skin

ANAT 316 Term 1 (22 decks)

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