L2 Flashcards
(29 cards)
first two stages of immune response
prevention
awareness recognition
when a damaged cell is recognized by phagocytes, what happens?
targets newly exposed sugars
when a pathogen is recognized by phagocytes, what happens?
recognizes pathogen components - e.g. cell wall
what do complement receptors do?
recognize special proteins
what do lipid receptors do?
direct immune function / metabolism
what do scavenger receptors do?
bind low density lipoproteins, sialic acid
what do dectin-1 (beta glucan receptors) do?
binds b-glucan structures - c-type lectin r
anti fungal responses
what do mannose receptors do?
binds carbs
toll-like receptors are a family of ___
PRR - pattern recognition receptors
what do toll-like receptors do?
recognize highly conserved structures on pathogens called PAMPs and DAMPs
toll-like receptors are either ___ or ___ dimer pairs
homo
hetero
3 examples of PRR families
RLR - retinoic acid induble gene
CLR - c-type lectin receptors
NLR - nucleotide binding domain
what does RAGE do
recognize products of damage
what is the third stage of immune response
immediate response - innate immune system
phagocytosis steps
attachment
ingestion
killing
degredation
cytokine families
interleukins
intergerons
colony stimulating factors
tumour necrosis factor
chemokine
what are chemokines
small cytokines - tell cells where to go in the body
what are the main functions of cytokines
anti-viral
cytokines can also be held in cells in ___ forms, that need to be activated
pro
an example of a cytokine that is held in pro form - a rapid responding cytokine is:
IL1beta _ iL18
oedema
fluid that accumulates from immune cells
mast cells are an example of
granulocytes
what are immediate mast cells products
histamine
heparin
enzymes
what are delayed mast cell products
prostaglandins
leukotrienes
cytokines
