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Medical Terminology > L2 CH4 Vocab > Flashcards

L2 CH4 Vocab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Muscle fibers

STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

A

long, slender cells that make up
muscles. Each muscle consists of a group of fibers that
are bound together by connective tissue.

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2
Q

Fascia

STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

A

band of connective tissue that
envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups
of muscles

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3
Q

myofascial

STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

A

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

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4
Q

tendon

STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

A

narrow band of nonelastic, dense,
fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a
bone.

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5
Q

Skeletal muscles

TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

A

voluntary muscles, attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible

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6
Q

Smooth muscles

TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

A

Unstriated muscles, in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. They move and control the flow of fluids through these structures

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7
Q

Myocardial muscles

TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

A

myocardium or cardiac muscle, form the muscular walls of the heart. Like striated skeletal muscle in appearance but is similar to smooth muscle in that its action is involuntary.

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8
Q

Muscle innervation

MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION

A

stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.Motor
nerves enable the brain to stimulate a muscle to contract. When the stimulation stops, the muscle relaxes. Motor nerves control the body’s voluntary muscular contractions.

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9
Q

Contraction

MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION

A

tightening of a muscle. It becomes shorter and thicker, causing the belly (center) of the muscle to enlarge.

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10
Q

Relaxation

MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION

A

a muscle returns to its
original form. As the muscle relaxes, it becomes longer and thinner, and the belly is no longer enlarged.

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11
Q

Abduction

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

is the movement of a limb
(arm or leg) away from the midline of the body

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12
Q

adduction

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

the
movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline
of the body

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13
Q

Flexion

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

decreasing the angle
between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

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14
Q

extension

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

increasing the angle
between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

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15
Q

Elevation

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

act of raising or lifting a body part. For
example, the elevation of the levator anguli oris muscles
of the face raises the corners of the mouth into a smile

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16
Q

levator

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

a muscle that raises a body part

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17
Q

depression

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

act of lowering a body
part. The depressor anguli oris, for example, lowers the
corner of the mouth into a frown.

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18
Q

depressor

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

muscle
lowers a body part.

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19
Q

Rotation

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

circular movement around an axis such as
the shoulder joint.

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20
Q

circumduction

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

circular movement at the far end of a limb

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21
Q

Supination

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

the act of rotating the
arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the
foot is turned forward or upward.

22
Q

pronation

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole
of the foot is turned downward or backward

23
Q

Dorsiflexion

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

movement that
bends the foot upward at the ankle.

24
Q

plantar flexion

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

movement that bends the foot downward
at the ankle.

25
Q

Plantar

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

A

pertaining to the sole of
the foot

26
Q

superficial

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

located near the surface, just under the skin

27
Q

origin

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

muscle begins, and it is
located nearest the midline of the body or on a less
movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less
movable attachment.

28
Q

insertion

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

where the muscle ends by
attaching to a bone or tendon. In contrast to the
origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment,
and it is the farthest point from the midline
of the body.

29
Q

Pectoral

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

relating to the chest

30
Q

Lateralis

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

toward the side

31
Q

Medialis

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

toward the midline

32
Q

Oblique

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

slanted or at an angle

33
Q

Rectus

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

in straight alignment with
the vertical axis of the body.

34
Q

sphincter

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

ring-like muscle that
tightly constricts the opening of a passageway. A
sphincter is named for the passage involved

35
Q

biceps brachii

HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

A

biceps, is formed from two divisions

36
Q

frontalis

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

occipitofrontalis, muscle
is in the forehead. It raises and lowers the eyebrows.

37
Q

temporalis

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

moves the
lower jaw up and back to close the mouth.

38
Q

masseter

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to
close the mouth when chewing.

39
Q

external oblique muscles

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

flex and rotate the vertebral column and
the torso. They also compress the abdomen

40
Q

internal oblique muscles

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

flex the spine, support the abdominal
contents, help breathe, and rotate the spine

41
Q

rectus abdominis

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

flex the
trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine.

42
Q

transverse abdominis

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

side of the
abdomen. This core muscle is engaged when a person
laughs or coughs.

43
Q

trapezius

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

muscle moves the
head and shoulder blade.

44
Q

rectus femoris

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

extends the leg at the
knee.

45
Q

quadriceps femoris

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

four muscles,
including the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis,
which flex and extend the leg at the knee.

46
Q

hamstring group

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

involved in knee flexion and
hip extension.

47
Q

gastrocnemius

SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS

A

calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot
downward

48
Q

Condyle

A

round prominence at the end of a
bone.

49
Q

reflex

A

involuntary response to a stimulus

50
Q

Sarcomas

A

cancers that start in bone, muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels or fat, and can be found anywhere in the body

Medical Terminology (37 decks)

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