L2 CH3 Vocab Flashcards

General Vocab from CH 3

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1
Q

Periosteum

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

tough, fibrous
tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

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2
Q

Compact bone

cortical bone

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. 75% of
the body’s bone matter

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3
Q

Spongy bone

cancellous bone

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

porous (“sponge-like”), which makes it lighter and
weaker than compact bone

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4
Q

medullary cavity

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone

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5
Q

Medullary

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

pertaining to the inner section

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6
Q

endosteum

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

tissue that
lines the medullary cavity

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7
Q

Red bone marrow

Bone Marrow

A

located within the spongy
bone, is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

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8
Q

Hemopoietic

Bone Marrow

A

pertaining
to the formation of blood cells

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9
Q

Yellow bone marrow

Bone Marrow

A

fat storage area, composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary
cavity of long bones

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10
Q

Cartilage

Cartilage

A

the smooth, rubbery, bluewhite
connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber
between bones. Also found in the outer ear and tip of the nose.

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11
Q

Articular cartilage

Cartilage

A

covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate to form joints

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12
Q

meniscus

Cartilage

A

curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw

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13
Q

diaphysis

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

the shaft of a long
bone

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14
Q

epiphyses

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

the wider ends of
long bones such as the femurs of the legs

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15
Q

proximal epiphysis

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

the
end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the
body

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16
Q

distal epiphysis

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

end of the bone
located farthest away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

foramen

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

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18
Q

process

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

normal projection on the surface of a
bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

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19
Q

mastoid process

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

bony projection located on the temporal bones
just behind the ears

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20
Q

ossification

A

process of bone formation using osteoblasts

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21
Q

Fibrous joints

Joints

A

Sutures, inflexible layers of dense
connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together

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22
Q

fontanelles

Joints

A

soft
spots, are normally present on the skull of a newborn

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23
Q

Cartilaginous joints

Joints

A

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

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24
Q

synovial joint

Joints

A

where two
bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

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25
Q

synovial capsule

Joints

A

outermost layer of strong
fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds
the joint

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26
Q

synovial membrane

Joints

A

lines the capsule and
secretes synovial fluid

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27
Q

Synovial fluid

Joints

A

flows within the synovial cavity,
acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of
the joint possible

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28
Q

Ligaments

Joints

A

bands of fibrous tissue
that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone
or by joining a bone to cartilage

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29
Q

bursa

Joints

A

fibrous sac that acts as a
cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject
to friction

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30
Q

axial skeleton

A

protects the major organs of the nervous,
respiratory, and circulatory systems

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31
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

makes body movement possible
and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion,and reproduction. (shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, hands, hips, thighs, legs,ankles, and feet

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32
Q

frontal bone

8 bones of the skull

A

anterior portion of the cranium
that forms the forehead. This bone houses the frontal
sinuses and forms the roof of the ethmoid sinuses, the
nose and part of the socket that protects the eyebal

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33
Q

parietal bones

8 bones of the skull

A

two of the largest bones of the skull. Together they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium.

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34
Q

occipital bone

8 bones of the skull

A

back part of the skull and the base of the cranium

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35
Q

temporal bones

8 bones of the skull

A

two bones form the sides and base of the cranium

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36
Q

external auditory meatus

8 bones of the skull

A

openingof the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull

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37
Q

sphenoid bone

8 bones of the skull

A

an irregular, wedgeshaped
bone at the base of the skull. This bone makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and helps form the base of the cranium

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38
Q

ethmoid bone

8 bones of the skull

A

light, spongy bone
located at the roof and sides of the nose.Here it separates the nasal cavity from the brain, and it also forms a portion of each orbit

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39
Q

auditory ossicles

8 bones of the skull

A

three tiny bones
located in each middle ear

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40
Q

nasal bones

14 bones of the face

A

two bones form the upper part of the bridge
of the nose

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41
Q

zygomatic bones

14 bones of the face

A

cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead

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42
Q

maxillary bones

14 bones of the face

A

two bones form
most of the upper jaw, maxillae

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43
Q

palatine bones

14 bones of the face

A

two bones form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

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44
Q

lacrimal bones

14 bones of the face

A

two bones make up
part of the orbit (socket of the eye) at the inner angle

45
Q

thoracic cavity

A

rib cage, is the bony structure that protects the heart and lungs. It consists of the ribs, sternum, and upper portion
of the spinal column extending from the neck to the diaphragm, but not including the arms

46
Q

true ribs

A

first seven pairs of ribs that attach anteriorly to the sternum

47
Q

inferior conchae

14 bones of the face

A

two thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose

48
Q

vomer bone

14 bones of the face

A

forms the base for the
nasal septum

49
Q

nasal septum

A

cartilage wall
that divides the two nasal cavities

50
Q

mandible

14 bones of the face

A

jawbone, is the only movable bone of the skull

51
Q

false ribs

A

three pairs of ribs that attach anteriorly to cartilage that connects them to the sternum

52
Q

floating ribs

A

last two pairs of ribs that are only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae
but are not attached anteriorly

53
Q

sternum

A

breastbone, is a flat, dagger-shaped bone located in the middle of
the chest. By joining with the ribs, it forms the front of the rib
cage

54
Q

manubrium

sternum

A

bony
structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

55
Q

body of the sternum

sternum

A

aka gladiolus, is the bony structure that forms the middle portion of
the sternum

56
Q

xiphoid process

sternum

A

structure made of
cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

57
Q

pectoral girdle

Shoulders

A

shoulder girdle, supports the arms and hands

58
Q

clavicle

Shoulders

A

collar
bone, is a slender bone that connects the manubrium
of the sternum to the scapula

59
Q

scapula

Shoulders

A

shoulder blade

60
Q

acromion

Shoulders

A

extension of
the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

61
Q

humerus

Arms

A

bone of the upper
arm

62
Q

radius

Arms

A

smaller and shorter
bone in the forearm. The radius runs up the thumb
side of the forearm

63
Q

ulna

Arms

A

larger and longer bone of
the forearm

64
Q

olecranon process

Arms

A

funny bone, is a large projection on
the upper end of the ulna. This forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles when struck

65
Q

carpals

Wrists, Hands, and Fingers

A

8 bones that form
the wrist. These bones form a narrow
bony passage known as the carpal tunnel

66
Q

metacarpals

Wrists, Hands, and Fingers

A

five
bones that form the palms of the hand

67
Q

phalanges

Wrists, Hands, and Fingers

A

14 bones of the
fingers

68
Q

spinal column

A

vertebral
column, protects the spinal cord and supports the head
and body. The spinal column consists of 26 vertebrae

69
Q

body of the vertebra

Structures of Vertebrae

A

anterior portion of the vertebra is solid to provide
strength

70
Q

lamina

Structures of Vertebrae

A

transverse
and spinous processes extend from this area and
serve as attachments for muscles and tendons

71
Q

vertebral foramen

Structures of Vertebrae

A

opening in the middle of
the vertebra. This opening allows the spinal cord to
pass through and to protect the spinal cord

72
Q

Intervertebral disks

Spinal Column

A

made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae
from each other

73
Q

cervical vertebrae

Types of Vertebrae

A

first set of
seven vertebrae, and they form the neck. known as C1 through C7

74
Q

thoracic vertebrae

Types of Vertebrae

A

second set of 12 vertebrae, T1
through T12

75
Q

lumbar vertebrae

Types of Vertebrae

A

third set of five vertebrae,
and together they form the inward curve of the lower spine. These are the largest and strongest of the vertebrae, and they bear most of the body’s weight. L1
through L5

76
Q

sacrum

Types of Vertebrae

A

slightly curved,
triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that
forms the lower portion of the back. At birth, the sacrum
is composed of five separate bones

77
Q

coccyx

Types of Vertebrae

A

tailbone, forms the end of the spine and is actually
made up of four small vertebrae that are fused
together

78
Q

pelvis

Pelvis

A

protects internal
organs and supports the lower extremities. In addition
to the sacrum and coccyx, it includes the pelvic girdle

79
Q

pelvic girdle

Pelvis

A

cup-shaped ring of bone at the lower end of the trunk
consisting of the ilium, ischium, and pubis

80
Q

ilium

Pelvis

A

broad, blade-shaped
bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic
bone

81
Q

sacroiliac

Pelvis

A

slightly
movable articulation between the sacrum and
posterior portion of the ilium

82
Q

ischium

Pelvis

A

forms the lower
posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears the weight
of the body when sitting

83
Q

pubis

Pelvis

A

forms the anterior portion
of the pubic bone, is located just below the urinary
bladder

84
Q

pubic symphysis

Pelvis

A

cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic
bones.

85
Q

symphysis

A

a place where two bones are closely
joined

86
Q

acetabulum

Pelvis

A

hip socket, is the large circular cavity in each side of
the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to
form the hip joint

87
Q

femurs

A

largest bones in the
body

88
Q

Femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

89
Q

head of the femur

A

articulates with the acetabulum

90
Q

femoral neck

A

narrow area just below the
head of the femur

91
Q

patella

Knees

A

kneecap,
is the bony anterior portion of the knee

92
Q

popliteal

Knees

A

the posterior
space behind the knee where the ligaments,
vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located

93
Q

cruciate ligaments

Knees

A

anterior and posterior
cruciate ligaments because they are shaped like a cross. Makes movement of the knee possible.

94
Q

ankles

A

joints that connect the lower leg
and foot and make the necessary movements possible

95
Q

tarsal

Ankles

A

7 bones in the ankle similar to the bones of the
wrists; however, they are much larger in size

96
Q

malleolus

Ankles

A

rounded bony
projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each
ankle joint

97
Q

talus

Ankles

A

ankle bone that articulates
with the tibia and fibula

98
Q

calcaneus

Ankles

A

heel bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones

99
Q

metatarsals

A

5 bones that form part of the foot to which the toes are attached

100
Q

phalanges

A

bones of the toes

101
Q

Malignant

A

becoming progressively worse and life-threatening

102
Q

Benign

A

not life-threatening and does not recur. This type of tumor is also known as an exostosis

103
Q

Comminuted

A

crushed into small pieces

104
Q

embolus

A

any foreign matter circulating in the blood that can become lodged and block the blood vessel

105
Q

callus

A

a bulging
deposit around the area of the break. This tissue
eventually becomes bone

106
Q

Crepitation

A

crepitus, is the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together. This term refers to any
unusual crackling sound or sensation within the body. It is frequently used to describe the popping or clicking sound heard in the movements of some
joints.

107
Q

Allogenic

A

originating within another

108
Q

Autologous

A

originating
within an individual