L22 - Autonomic And Endocrine

Question 1

Autonomic nervous system function

Answer 1

• homeostasis
• influence of HYPOTHALAMUS
• fast acting
• involuntary

Question 2

Autonomic vs somatic

Answer 2

• autonomic is INVOLUNTARY
• autonomic has 2 peripheral neurons, 1st body in lateral horn/ brainstem, 2nd in peripheral ganglia.
• somatic has one, body in ventral horn/brainstem
• somatic = skeletal, autonomic = muscle, secretory glands
• somatic = excitation, autonomic = exication ir inhibition

Question 3

Autonomic ganglia

Answer 3

• preganglionic in CNS (lateral horn or brainstem), myelinated
• POSTganglionic in autonomic ganglia

Question 4

2 divisions of autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

1. Sympathetic (fight or flight)
2. Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Usually depends on balance

Question 5

Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Answer 5

• LONG preganglionic neuron to ganglia, short POST ganglionic neuron

(I take a LONGGG nap first)

Question 6

Sympathetic (fight or flight)

Answer 6

• T1-L2
• SHORT preganglionic, LONG POSTganglionic neuron to TARGET ORGAN

Exception:
Preganglionic adrenal medulla

Question 7

White and grey rami communicantes

Answer 7

• white = carry myleinates preganglionic fibres from nerves T1-L2 to sympathetic trunk
• grey carry POST to each spinal nerve

Question 8

Parasympathetic

Answer 8

S2-S4

Question 9

All efferent neurons use acetylochine EXCEPT

Answer 9

THE POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC BEURON, uses nora

Question 10

Endocrine function

Answer 10

CHEMICAL control of many body functions “duration rather than speed”
- HIGHLY vascularised
- some lacking SPECIFIC receptor

Question 11

Endocrine organs

Answer 11

1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary gland
3. Pineal gland
4. Parathyroid gland
5. Adrenal gland
6. Pancreas
7. Gonads (testes/ovaries)

Question 12

Pituitary

Answer 12

Hypothalamus -> pituitary gland -> peripheral endocrine glands

ANTERIOR = hormonal
POSTERIOR = neural (no horomones, only vaso and ox)

Question 13

Major hormones produced by anterior

Answer 13

1) growth - helps mitosis and liver
2) thyroid stimulating hormone - thyroid hormone from thyroid gland (behind larynx, vascularisation)

Question 14

Parathyroid glands increase calcium

Answer 14

If decreased blood calcium, Parathyroid hormone, stimulates osteoclasts

Question 15

Adrenal glands above kidneys

Answer 15

Adrenal cortex: epithelial origin produces hormones
Adrenal medulla: neural origin, ADRENALIN, lengthens sympathetic response