Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BACTE 1 > L3: BACTERIAL GENETICS AND PATHOGENECITY > Flashcards

L3: BACTERIAL GENETICS AND PATHOGENECITY Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms

A

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

passing on of traits from parents to their
offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction

A

Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heredity (also called ____)

A

inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the genetic information

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the observable traits

A

Phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the basic building block of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

A

Nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nucleotide is made up of

A

Nitrogen BASE, sugar molecule, PO4 group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

basic unit of HEREDITARY

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do Human cells replicate and
multiply?

A

Metosis and Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do bacteria replicate and multiply?

A

Binary Fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

haploid genome, single set of chromosomes, carry the genetic information needed for reproduction

A

Bacterial Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Single, circular double stranded DNA (ssDNA) carry the genetic information needed for reproduction

A

Bacterial Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

extrachromosomal, self-replicating gene elements, non essential, smaller than bacterial chromosomes

A

Plasmids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Plasmids controls:

A
  1. Antibiotic R
  2. Production of Toxins
  3. Synthesis of bacterial virulence factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

also known as PHAGE

A

Bacteriophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

viruses that infect and replicate only in bacterial cells

A

Bacteriophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

consist principally of proteins plus nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, but not both), encode functions required for replication in bacteria

A

Bacteriophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bacteriophage enhance bacterial pathogenicity by;

A
  1. transferring genes encoding toxins
  2. duplicating the virulence factors
  3. changing the regulatory sequences controlling bacterial virulence genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Exchange of Genetic Information (3)

A

Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Direct uptake, incorporation and expression of exogenous genetic material from its surrounding

A

TRANSFORMATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic material from the
environment

A

TRANSFORMATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The prerequisite for bacteria to undergo transformation is its ability to take up free, extracellular genetic material. Susch as bacteria are termed as "___"?
Competent cells
26
The process of gene transfer by transformation does not require a living donor cell but only requires the presence of persistent _____ in the environment
DNA
27
process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to another, BACTERIOPHAGE
TRANSDUCTION
28
the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells
CONJUGATION
29
CONJUGATION takes place through a
pilus
30
parasexual mode of reproduction in bacteria
CONJUGATION
31
change in the nucleotide sequence and can create new cellular functionalities or lead to the dysfunction of others
BACTERIAL MUTATION
32
occur spontaneously or by exposure to mutation-inducing agents, result from errors during DNA replication
BACTERIAL MUTATION
33
BACTERIAL MUTATION genetic outcomes
Silent mutation Missense mutation Nonsense mutation
34
The mutation changes the original codon into another codon that codes for the same amino acid
Silent mutation
35
When a mutation in the sequence causes a codon to code for a different amino acid
Missense mutation
36
A mutant stop codon replaces a wild-type codon, terminating translation resulting in a shortened protein.
Nonsense mutation
37
Physical Mutagens of Bacterial Mutation
UV, radiation
38
Chemical Mutagens of Bacterial Mutation
reactive oxygen species, alkylating agents
39
Biological Mutagens of Bacterial Mutation
Transposons (bet species)
40
Defines the shape of the bacteria
Bacterial Cell Wall
41
Bacterial Cell Wall, Some components responsible for Pathogenicity:
M protein & Mycolic Acid
42
Bacterial Cell Wall, Main constituent:
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
43
Bacterial Cell Wall is part of the ____ reaction
Gram Stain
44
_____ cell wall consists of a thicker peptidoglycan on its outer part
gram positive cell wall
45
____ cell wall has lipopolysaccharides beyond its outer membrane and peptidoglycan on the middle
gram negative cell wall
46
fluid phospholipid bilayer that encloses the bacterial cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic Membrane
47
Selective permeable membrane, Site of energy production
Cytoplasmic membrane
48
Dormant, tough and non-reproductive structure produced by the bacteria during unfavorable conditions
Endospores
49
Resting cell, resistant to high temperature, desiccant and chemical agents, Compose of Ca and Dipicolinic Acid
Endospores
50
Endospores are composed of
Calcium and Dipicolinic Acid
51
Increase in virulence by preventing PHAGOCYTOSIS
Capsule
52
Capsule Increase in virulence by preventing
PHAGOCYTOSIS
53
ANTIGENIC, Demonstrated by STAINING method (india ink), Forms colonies which are often slimy
Capsule
54
Capsule Demonstrated by STAINING method specifically ?
India Ink
55
Aka FIMBRIAE
Pili
56
proteinaceous, filamentous polymeric organelles expressed on the surface of bacteria, SOMATIC 🡪 Attachment, Helps bacteria to adhere to host cell
Pili
57
Hair like appendage that protrudes from the surface of bacteria that is use for locomotion, Locomotion 🡪 25C, non motile🡪 37C
Flagella
58
VIRULENCE FACTORS
1. invade the host 2. cause disease 3. evade host defenses
59
Adherence Factors
1. Pili 2. Use to adhere to host cells
60
Antiphagocytic Factors
1. Capsules 2. M CHON 3. Mycolic Acid
61
Enzymes
1. Coagulase 2. Fibrinolysin 3. Hyaluronidase 4. IgA1 Protease
62
Toxins
Endotoxin Exotoxin

BACTE 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions