L4 MS

Question 1

What are the twelve cranial nerves?

Answer 1

I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal

OOOTTAFAVGVAH

Question 2

T/F Spinal nerves come in pairs

Answer 2

True

Question 3

How many spinal nerves are there? What are the different regions of spinal nerves and how many are in each region?

Answer 3

31. 
8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal

Question 4

What are spinal nerves named for in the cervical region?

Answer 4

For vertebrae below the nerve, except for C8, which is between C7 and T1

Question 5

What are spinal nerves T1 and below named for?

Answer 5

For vertebrae above the nerve

Question 6

What does visceral mean?

Answer 6

Within a body cavity such as the chest, abdomen, pelvis

Question 7

What are some examples of visceral smooth muscle? Is the hear a visceral smooth muscle?

Answer 7

Stomach, bladder, instestines, bronchi. No, not a smooth muscle but it is within a body cavity so it is a visceral structure made of cardiac muscle

Question 8

What are some examples of somatic smooth muscle?

Answer 8

Blood vessels, sweat glands, arector pili

Question 9

What are the somatic areas of the body?

Answer 9

Limbs, body wall (abdomen) and intercostal muscles

Question 10

What muscle type predominates in the somatic area of the body? What other type of muscle is also found in the somatic area?

Answer 10

Skeletal. Smooth muscle. Somatic in this course just means an area not necessarily related to somatic innervation

Question 11

What types of neurons do spinal nerves contain?

Answer 11

Sensory and motor

Question 12

What kind of nerves does the dorsal ramus contain?

Answer 12

Mixed (sensory and motor), but only to deep back muscles and skin over back

Question 13

What kind of nerves does the ventral ramus contain and where do they extend?

Answer 13

Mixed (sensory and motor). To rest of body (meaning minus the deep back muscles and skin over back)

Question 14

Ganglions are found only in what nervous system? Nuclei (of nerves)

Answer 14

Only in the PNS. Only in the CNS

Question 15

What are the neuron types in the motor nerve pathway?

Answer 15

Upper motor neuron

Lower motor neuron

Question 16

Where is the soma of the upper motor neuron? Lower motor neuron?

Answer 16

Motor cortex of the brain. Ventral horn of spinal cord

Question 17

How many orders of neurons are in the sensory nerve pathway? What are they?

Answer 17

Three.

First order, Second order. Third order

Question 18

Where is the soma of the 1st order sensory neuron?

Answer 18

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 19

Where is the soma of the 2nd order sensory neuron?

Answer 19

In a CNS nucleus

Question 20

Where is the soma of the 3rd order sensory neuron?

Answer 20

In the thalamic relay of the thalamus.

Question 21

Where do the 3rd order sensory neurons extend their axons?

Answer 21

To the sensory cortex

Question 22

Where does the sympathetic system start?

Answer 22

Between T1 and L2 spinal nerves from the interomediolateral cell columns

Question 23

What is the first branch off of a spinal nerve (T1 and below)? Second branch?

Answer 23

Dorsal ramus. The ventral ramus is really the continuation of the spinal nerve after the dorsal ramus

Question 24

What is another term for the sympathetic chain?

Answer 24

Sympathetic trunk

Question 25

What is the name of the ramus entering a sympathetic chain ganglion? Exiting the sympathetic chain ganglion?

Answer 25

White communicating ramus. Gray communicating ramus

Question 26

T/F The sympathetic system always uses the sympathetic chain

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T/F The sympathetic system innervates the somatic smooth muscle and the visceral smooth muscle

Answer 27

True. The word “somatic” is used here not as the somatic nervous system, but merely that it is in the somatic areas of the body, as defined by Cottam, really frustrating.

Question 28

Where does the sympathetic system synapse?

Answer 28

Synapses in the sympathetic chain or pre-vertebral ganglion

Question 29

What nt does the sympathetic system use? Parasympathetic system?

Answer 29

Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine.

Only Acetylcholine

Question 30

What are pelvic splanchnics?

Answer 30

Parasympathetic nerves coming from sacral spinal cord