Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

a. SL12100: Health and disease > L55- Hormones Of Pregnancy, Menopause And Contraception > Flashcards

L55- Hormones Of Pregnancy, Menopause And Contraception Flashcards

(43 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the production of progesterone? (2)

A
  • cholesterol
  • pregnenolone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the production of oestrogens? (3)

A
  • in ovaries
  • androgens
  • androstenedione - oestrone
  • testosterone - oestradiol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are common properties of sex hormones?

A
  • ligand and DNA binding domains
  • bound = translocation to nucleus
  • binds to hormone response elements in specific gene
  • dimerisation - important for function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different sec hormone nuclear receptors? (3)

A
  • AR - androgen receptors
  • ER - oestrogen receptors
  • PR - progesterone receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are oestrogen receptors like? (3)

A
  • conformation change - bc of dissociation of heat shock proteins after bindng
  • dimerisation - inc affinity to DNA
  • oestrogen-receptor - bind to DNA site, oestrogen response/recognition elements (EREs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are progesterone receptors like? (3)

A
  • NR regulating gene transcription (ER)
  • encodes progesterone receptor
  • 2 isoforms - PR-A, PR-B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 isoforms like?

A
  • identical ligand binding
  • PR-B mediates the stimulatory effects of progesterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are action of oestrogens? (6)

A
  • ovaries/uterus - stim of endometrium, thickening of vaginal mucosa, thinning of cervical
  • female sex characs. - 2nd characs, dev breast ductal system
  • hypothalamus - inc GnRH secretion
  • pituitary - dec LH secretion
  • metabolism - protein anabolism, bone growth, dec cholesterol
  • CNS - multiple effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are action of progesterone? (5)

A
  • dec GnRH production
  • induction - secretory activity in oestrogen-primed endometrium
  • inc viscosity of cervical mucous
  • promotes glandular breast dev
  • inc BB temp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the different oestrogen preparations? (2)

A
  • natural - oestradiol/oestrone, oestriol
  • synthethic - mestranol, ethinylestradiol. Diethylstillbestrol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is availability of oestrogen preparations? (5)

A
  • oral
  • transdermal
  • intramuscular
  • implantable
  • topical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are SERMs?

A

Selective oestrogen receptor modulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is selectivity of SERMs possible? (3)

A
  • ERa. ERb have dif tissue expression
  • conformation dependent binding to DNA and transcription factors
  • tissue dependent response - pro-oestrogenic, partially and anti effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do SERMs have a role in?

A

Treatment of certain cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the different progestogen preparations?

A
  • natural
  • testosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the different sec hormone natural progesterones? (3)

A
  • hydroxyprogesterone
  • medroxyprogesterone
  • dydrogesterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the testosterone derivatives of progestogen? (3)

A
  • norgestrel
  • desogestrel
  • ethynodiol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the availability of progestogen preparations? (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • oral
  • intramuscular
  • via vagina/rectum
19
Q

What is menopause? (4)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 45-55yrs
  • mens becomes irregular and stops
  • caused by ovarian failure
  • gonadotropins secreted in greater amounts - bc of loss of -ve fb
20
Q

What are the different phases of menopause? (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • perimenopause - fluctuation in H levels, 2-8yrs
  • menopause - dec oestrogen, 1yr after mens
  • postmenopause - dec in oestrogen levels
21
Q

What is menopause associated with?

Study These Flashcards
A

Change in risk for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, osteoporosis, dementia

22
Q

What are symptoms of menopause?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • vasomotor - hot flushes, night sweats
  • palpitaions
  • low mood/anxiety
  • impaired memory/brain fog
  • headaches/migraines
  • vaginal atrophy
  • dev of oesteoporosis
23
Q

What does oestrogen act as?

Study These Flashcards
A

maintain bone mineral density

24
Q

How does oestrogen affect bone mass? (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • +ve relation between maintenance of bone mass and HRT with oestrogen
  • decrease rates of wrist, non-vertebral, vertebral and hip factures
25
What is raloxifene?
SERM that functions like oestrogen to maintain bone density
26
What is HRT? (5)
- hormone replacement therapy - natural oestrogen used - oestrogen + progestogens - with intact uterus - combination preparations - tablet, patch, cyclical - oestrogen only preparation - transdermal patch, gel, spray PLUS progesterone - tablet, intrauterine device
27
What are the effects of treatment?
- dec post-menopausal osteoporosis and vasomotor symptoms - oestrogen dec LDL cholesterol - mixed on dec risk of CHD - benefits outweigh risk of breast cancer, blood clots, cardiovascular disease
28
What are the different types of contraception? (3)
- barrier methods - caps, diaphragms, condoms - intra uterine devices (IUD) - oral contraceptives
29
What are the different types of oral contraceptives? (3)
- combined hormonal contraceptives - progestogen-only contraceptives - emergency contraception
30
What are COCs? (3)
- combined oestrogen/progestogen preparation - ethynylestradiol + levonorgestrel / 3rd gen pills desogestrel or gestodene - 21/28 days
31
What are the dif COCs? (2)
- oestrogen - inhibits FSH secretion -ve fb - progestogens - inhibit LH secretion, thickens cervical mucus, thins endometrium
32
What are mild side effect of COCs? (4)
- mild nausea - weight gain (Na+/fluid retention) - mild hypertension - breast tenderness
33
What are serious side effects of COCs?
- venous thromboembolism - cerebral haemorrhage, myocardial infarction - inc risk of breast/cervical cancer - amenorrhoea following withdrawal
34
What are POCs? (4)
- progestogen-only contraception - norethisterone - levonorgestrel - ethynodiol
35
What are effects of POC?
- thick and sticky of cervical mucus - dec implantation - weak -ve fb inhibition of LH, release and ovulation - completely suppress gonadotrophin secretion and ovulation = amenorrhoea
36
What are menstrual disorders?
- dysmenorrhoea - menorrhagia - premenstrual syndrome - endometriosis
37
What are the different types of emergency contraception? (2)
- copper IUD - toxic effect on sperm/ova - levenorgestrel, ulipristal
38
What is LVN and ulipristal like? (3)
- pregnancy prevented by high dose of progestogen - LVN - 72h/3days after - 98% effective - Ulipristal - 120/5days after - supresses LH surge as PR modulator
39
What are side effects of emergency contraception? (3)
- nausea - vomiting - cadiovascular, metabolic effects - breast tenderness
40
What are antiprogestogens? (3)
- mifepristone - PR antagonist - used in combo with misoprostol - synthetic prostaglandin (PGE1) analogue - medical abortion instead of surgical
41
What are uterine wall contractions - prostaglandins?
- membrane phospholipid in response to phospholipase A2 = arachidonic acid - into prostaglandins in presence of cyclooxygenase
42
What are uterine wall contraction - parturition like? (3)
- prostaglandins +ve fb to uterine contraction - uterine contraction +ve fb to cervical stretch - cervical stretch +ve fb to uterine contraction
43
What are uterine wall contractions like (3)
- oxytocin, prostaglandins - stim contractions = labour - progestogens - relax uterine wall, maintain cervical length = miscarriage, premature labour - b2-adrenoceptor agonist inhibit contractions of pregnant uterus

a. SL12100: Health and disease (59 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions