L6 Flashcards
(96 cards)
an aggregation of cells arising from a single parent cell
colony
requirements for growth include the nutrients:
C, O, H, N
What purposes does carbon serve in terms of chemicals?
needed for structural backbones of chemicals
What is nitrogen needed to form?
amino acids
What is sulfur used in?
sulfur-containing amino acids
What is phosphorous used in?
for cell membranes and nucleic acid synthesis
name three trace elements
Cu, An, Mb, and Zn
describe the process of nitrogen fixation
reduce nitrogen gas as N2 to ammonia (NH3-), provide usable nitrogen to other organisms
What 4 elements make up 95% of cells?
C, O, H, N
define organic growth factors
essential organic compounds an organism is unable to synthesize and must get from environment
This uses light energy, and catabolizes organic compounds for nutrients:
photoheterotroph
This uses organic compounds for energy and carbon:
chemoheterotroph
Uses inorganic carbon sources such as carbon dioxide:
autotroph
Uses light as an energy source:
phototroph
Catabolizes organic molecules from other organisms:
heterotroph
Uses redox reactions of organic/inorganic compounds as energy source:
chemotroph
Uses light energy and carbon dioxide for carbon :
photoautotroph
Uses carbon dioxide for carbon, catabolizes organic compounds for nutrient:
chemoautotroph
Acquires electrons from same organic molecule that provides carbon and energy:
organotroph
Acquires electrons from an inorganic source (H2NO2-, H2S, etc.)
lithotroph
Consumes dead matter, are heterotrophs:
saprophytes
What is the difference between obligate aerobes and anaerobes?
ob. aerobes: oxygen is essential, acts as final electron receptor
ob. anaerobes: oxygen is deadly for these organisms
What type of organism requires oxygen levels at 2-10%? Give an example of one.
microphiles/microaerophiles; H. pylori
define facultative anaerobes
can do fermentation or anaerobic metabolism; less metabolic efficiency without oxygen