L7.1 - Nature of Bone

Question 1

Osteocytes

Answer 1

Bone cells, the cells that are specialized to build, maintain, and dissolve bone

Question 2

Bone

Answer 2

A rigid and flexible connective tissue consisting of osteocytes suspended in a solid, mineralized matrix

Question 3

Osteoblasts

Answer 3

Cells that build bone by secreting a mineralized matrix that surround bone cells and makes up the hard component of bone

Question 4

Osteoclasts

Answer 4

Cells that resorb bone releasing minerals stored in bone matrix into the blood stream

Question 5

Osteon

Answer 5

AKA Haversian system, the fundamental functional unit of bone that are roughly cylindrical in structure

Question 6

Lamellae

Answer 6

Concentric layers of mineral matrix surrounding the central canal; around 5-20 lamellae are used to make up any one osteon

Question 7

Haversian Canal

Answer 7

AKA central canal, a cylindrical canal that runs through the center of osteons that allows for the passage of the blood vessels and nerves that feed into bone tissue

Question 8

Matrix

Answer 8

The solid component of bone consisting of various structural proteins (ex: collagen) suspended in mineralized materials rich with Ca and Mg

Question 9

Canaliculi

Answer 9

Small cytoplasmic projections that penetrate through the matrix that allow for intercellular communication between bone cells

Question 10

Volkmann’s Canals

Answer 10

Perforating canals, transverse/oblique channels through the matrix that allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves between osteons

Question 11

Periosteum

Answer 11

Yellow-gray tissue layer that covers the surface of bones except at the articular surfaces

Question 12

Cortical Bone

Answer 12

Compact bone, the rigid, dense bone that forms the strong shell of the large bones

Question 13

Cancellous Bone

Answer 13

Spongy bone or trabecular bone, bone consisting of dense struts that form a sponge-like network of open spaces in between the struts filled with marrow

Question 14

Trabeculae

Answer 14

The hard struts that crisscross the open space inside the large bones

Question 15

Medullary cavity

Answer 15

The open space inside the large bones occupied by trabecular bone and marrow

Question 16

Diaphysis

Answer 16

The shaft of the long bones between articular surfaces at the joints

Question 17

Epiphysis

Answer 17

The expanded ends of the long bones that support the articular surfaces of the joints

Question 18

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 18

Epiphyseal line or growth plate, a region of cartilaginous bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis that contains undifferentiated osteocytes and is the primary location of growth during childhood and adolescence

Question 19

Red marrow

Answer 19

The marrow tissue that fills the spongy bone of the epiphyses and contains the progenitor cells that produce erythrocytes

Question 20

Yellow marrow

Answer 20

The marrow tissues that fills the medullary cavity is mostly a place for fat storage, and contains the progenitor cells that produce leukocytes