Lab 1

Question 1

Components of cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 3

Veins

Answer 3

Carry blood towards the heart

Question 4

Pulmonary vs. systemic circulation

Answer 4

Pulmonary moves blood between lungs and heart
Systemic moves blood between heart and rest of the body

Question 5

Size and shape of heart

Answer 5

size of fist, inverted cone

Question 6

Pericardium function

Answer 6

Mechanical protection and lubrication to reduce friction

Question 7

3 layers of the heart

Answer 7

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 8

Why is it called the double pump?

Answer 8

B/c it pumps twice, once to the lungs then to the body

Question 9

Where do you find deoxygenated vs. oxygenated blood

Answer 9

Deox: right atrium and right ventricle
Ox: left atrium, left ventricle

Question 10

Purpose of valves

Answer 10

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 11

Difference between atrioventricular and semilunar valves

Answer 11

AV separate atria and ventricles
Semilunar separate ventricles from great arteries

Question 12

Pericardium

Answer 12

outermost layer of the heart wall; mechanical protection for the heart and big vessels and lubricates to reduce friction between the heart and surrounding surfaces

Question 13

Epicardium

Answer 13

layer between the myocardium and innermost layer of pericardium; protects the heart, provides proper signals for heart formation and maturation, and epicardial signals play a role in the hearts injury response

Question 14

Endocardium

Answer 14

Innermost layer of heart wall; protects the heart, is a barrier between the cardiac muscles and the bloodstream, and it also houses the heart’s conduction system

Question 15

Myocardium

Answer 15

Middle layer of heart wall; made up of muscle fibers attached to fibrous rings; contractile function of cardiac pump

Question 16

Apex

Answer 16

Bottom region of heart, “point”

Question 17

Base

Answer 17

Top region of heart

Question 18

R. Atrium

Answer 18

Receives deoxygenated blood from vena cava and coronary sinus. Empties blood into the right ventricle

Question 19

R. Ventricle

Answer 19

Pumps deoxygenated blood received from the right atrium into the pulmonary trunk.

Question 20

L. Atrium

Answer 20

Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and empties it into the left ventricle.

Question 21

L. Ventricle

Answer 21

Responsible for pumping oxygenated blood into the aorta.

Question 22

Interventricular Septum

Answer 22

Separates the two ventricles and ensures proper blood flow through the heart.

Question 23

Tricuspid valve

Answer 23

Controls blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle and prevents backflow of blood

Question 24

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Answer 24

Controls blood flow from left atrium and left ventricle, prevents backflow

Question 25

Aortic valve

Answer 25

Controls blood flow from left ventricle to the aorta, allows for only one way flow of blood out the aorta

Question 26

Pulmonary valve

Answer 26

Allows blood to flow into the lungs without backflow into the ventricle

Question 27

Chordae Tendineae

Answer 27

Maintain the position and tension of the AV valves

Question 28

Papillary muscles

Answer 28

Prevent leakage through AV valves

Question 29

Aorta

Answer 29

carries oxygen-rich blood away from heart to rest of the body

Question 30

Pulmonary Trunk

Answer 30

Controls blood flow out of right ventricle

Question 31

L. Pulmonary artery

Answer 31

Sends blood to the left lung

Question 32

R. Pulmonary artery

Answer 32

Sends blood to right lung

Question 33

Superior vena cava

Answer 33

Carries blood from the head neck arms and chest into the heart

Question 34

Inferior vena cava

Answer 34

Carries blood from legs feet and organs of abdomen and pelvis into the heart

Question 35

L.&R Pulmonary Veins

Answer 35

Collect O2 rich blood from the lungs and carry it to the heart

Question 36

Fossa Ovalis

Answer 36

Communication between right and left atrium

Question 37

Ligamentum Arteriosum

Answer 37

Attaches aorta to the pulmonary artery

Question 38

L. Coronary artery

Answer 38

Supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle

Question 39

R. Coronary artery

Answer 39

Supplies blood to the right ventricle, right atrium, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes

Question 40

Circumflex artery

Answer 40

Supplies blood to the outer side and back of the heart

Question 41

Anterior interventricular artery

Answer 41

Biggest supplier of oxygenated blood to heart's left ventricle Widowmaker

Question 42

Posterior interventricular artery

Answer 42

Supply the inferior surface of myocardium and interventricular sulcus of heart with blood

Question 43

R. Marginal artery

Answer 43

Provides blood supply to the lateral portion of the R. Ventricle

Question 44

Great Cardiac vein

Answer 44

Returns deoxygenated blood from the anterior surface of the left ventricle

Question 45

Middle cardiac vein

Answer 45

Empties deox blood into the coronary sinus, drains blood of external layer of myocardium

Question 46

Small cardiac vein

Answer 46

Empties blood into the coronary sinus

Question 47

Coronary Sinus

Answer 47

Carries deox blood into the right atrium

Question 48

Characteristics of cardiac muscle histology

Answer 48

Branched, striated, intercalated discs, uni-nucleated

Question 49

General blood flow through the heart

Answer 49

Enter right atrium through sup/inf vena cava or coronary sinus Through tricuspid valve to RV Through pulmonary valve to pulmonary trunk, to R&L pulmonary arteries Return from lungs via R&L pulmonary veins and enter L. atrium Through Bicuspid valve to L. Ventricle Through aortic valve, out aorta to body via arteries