Lab 5

Question 1

Functions of the lymph system

Answer 1

Transport leaked fluid back to BVs
Protect the body via removing foreign material, police body fluids, lymphocyte multiplication

Question 2

Components of the Lymph system

Answer 2

Lymph vessels, lymph tissue, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs

Question 3

Lymph transport

Answer 3

Lymphatic capillaries, collecting lymph vessels, lymphatic trunk, ducts in thoracic region

Question 4

Right Lymph duct

Answer 4

Drains right upper body, head, and thorax to jugular and subclavian veins

Question 5

Thoracic duct

Answer 5

Drains the rest of the body to jugular and subclavian veins

Question 6

Cisterna Chyli

Answer 6

Collects lymph from digestive organs; big lipids
Receives Chyle

Question 7

Lymph nodes

Answer 7

1000s along lymph paths, embedded in connective tissue
Site of multiplication of lymphocytes (T&B cells)
Many afferent lymph vessels, few efferent
Filter and fight infection
Located all over but prominent in neck, armpits, groin,

Question 8

Lymph vessels

Answer 8

Three tunics, thinner walls, more valves, require pumping for transport of lymph

Question 9

Agglutination

Answer 9

Clumping together of particles as an immune response, falls out of solution
Clumping allows for increase efficacy of phagocytosis (get rid of pathogens in group)

Question 10

Agglutination in blood typing

Answer 10

RBCs agglutinate and clumps can then block flow
Caused by the interaction between antibodies and antigens

Question 11

Blood typing

Answer 11

Antigens present, accompanied by self-tolerant antibodies
ex: Type B has Anti A so agglutinates in Anti B

Question 12

Immune response

Answer 12

systemic; Immune system recognizes something as foreign and acts to destroy it

Question 13

Characteristics of immune response

Answer 13

Memory, specificity, self-tolerance

Question 14

2 systems of immunity

Answer 14

Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity

Question 15

Innate immunity Characteristics

Answer 15

Quick (Minutes to hours)
Limited specificity
Same response every time
barriers, phagocytes, pattern recognition

Question 16

Adaptive immunity characteristics

Answer 16

Long (days)
High specificity
MEMORY
More rapid and effective after every exposure
T and B, antigen specific receptors, antibodies

Question 17

Innate immune response

Answer 17

First line of defense that is fast but nonspecific
Uses germ-line-encoded recognition and phagocytic cells
Begins inflammatory response

Question 18

Adaptive immune response

Answer 18

Humoral and cell mediated (B&T)
Slow (days), highly specific
Uses randomly generated antigen receptors

Question 19

How do innate and adaptive work together

Answer 19

Innate response produces signal molecules that stimulate and direct adaptive

Question 20

Primary response

Answer 20

Initiated on first exposure, memory lymphocytes left behind after antigen gone

Question 21

Secondary response

Answer 21

Initiated upon second exposure to same antigen
Faster, better response due to adaptive memory

Question 22

Barriers

Answer 22

Prevent pathogen entry into body
Skin and mucosal membranes
Immune cells sit right under barrier incase of entry \

Question 23

Antigen

Answer 23

Foreign molecules that induce immune response

Question 24

Lymphocyte

Answer 24

Cells that recognize antigens, initiate immune response, surface receptors to recognize antigens

Question 25

Three types of lymphocytes

Answer 25

Natural killer cells, innate T cells B cells

Question 26

Maturation

Answer 26

becoming immunocompetent- capable of carrying out response Self-tolerance

Question 27

Antibody

Answer 27

B-cells Bind a specific antigen, tag them for destruction, produced in red bone marrow

Question 28

Granules and cells that have them

Answer 28

Vesicle tightly packed with chemicals Neutrophils, Eosinophil, Basophil, Mast cell

Question 29

T-cells

Answer 29

T helper: dumps signal proteins T Cytotoxic: kill infected cells

Question 30

Plasma cell

Answer 30

Antibody protection

Question 31

Natural killer cell

Answer 31

Poke hole in cell, place granule inside which leads to cell death, recognize virus-infected cells Produced in bone marrow

Question 32

How do antibodies become specific

Answer 32

Bases are inserted via transcriptional changes to T-cell antigen receptor to match antigen

Question 33

Spleen

Answer 33

Filter for blood, upper left abdomen

Question 34

Thymus

Answer 34

Surveillance and protection of pathogens; production and maturation of immune cells upper chest behind sternum

Question 35

Bone marrow

Answer 35

Produces components of blood Center of bones

Question 36

Cells associated with innate immunity

Answer 36

Dendritic, mast, macrophage, NK, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, granulocytes

Question 37

Cells associated with adaptive immunity

Answer 37

B cell T cell

Question 38

Macrophages

Answer 38

Detects, phagocytose, and destroy antigens, activate other immune cells Come from blood monocytes

Question 39

What brings antigen to lymph nodes and what happens in the lymph node once antigen is there

Answer 39

Dendrites bring antigen to lymph node via afferent lymph vessels They migrate deep to trigger T-cells

Question 40

What causes a white blood cell to escape the BV and migrate to infection

Answer 40

Chemical mediators come from inflamed tissue Adhesion molecules on surface of leukocytes regulate

Question 41

What results in an autoimmune disorder

Answer 41

When the body cannot detect self vs non self and starts attacking itself

Question 42

Why is type O- the universal donor

Answer 42

They have NONE of the blood proteins so the immune system would never detect a "wrong" protein

Question 43

Why is AB+ Universal acceptor

Answer 43

They are tolerant of all possible proteins

Question 44

Why can't a Rh - get Rh +

Answer 44

Rh - person would recognize the + proteins as foreign

Question 45

Blood each type can accept

Answer 45

A+: O -/+, A -/+ A-: O-, O+ B+: O -/+, B -/+ B-: O-, B- AB+ ALL AB-: O-, A-, B-, AB- O+: O -/+ O-: O-