Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 2 Lab > Lab 7 > Flashcards

Lab 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of inspiration

A

Diaphragm, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, external intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Muscles of expiration

A

Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Active vs. Passive breathing

A

Active breathing involves using muscle of expiration to expire while passive breathing just uses the pressure gradient to expire . Active breathing occurs when there is greater demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pressure changes in lungs to facilitate respiration

A

Inspiration expands volume which decreases pressure so air from atm. flows into lungs. Expiration decreases volume which increases pressure and air is pushed out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathway of air in lungs

A

Nasal/oral cavity –> pharynx –> larynx –> trachea –> L/R primary bronchus –> secondary bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collapsed lung. Occurs when air enters pleural space due to pressure change. If intrapleural space is lower than atm. P air rushes into it and collapses the lung. Can occur with puncture to lung/pleural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary cause of COPD

A

Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 main types of COPD

A

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is breathing hard with chronic bronchitis

A

Long-term mucus cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is breathing hard with emphysema

A

Damage to the lungs over time, inner walls of alveoli damaged and eventually rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why hard to breathe with asthma

A

Narrowing and inflammation of airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symptoms of asthma

A

Recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing
Shortness of breath
Cough
Chest tightness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Edema

A

Build up of fluid… swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes edema in lungs

A

When heart doesn’t pump efficiently blood can back up in veins going through the lungs and pressure build up in the veins pushes fluid into alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does pulmonary edema effect the lungs

A

Fluid in alveoli makes gas exchange challenging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does pneumonia affect lung function?

A

Alveoli become inflamed and limits lung capacity, lungs may fill with fluid and dead lung tissue –> mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is ventilation/diffusion of gas compromised by pneumonia

A

Inflammation and fluid increases diffusion distance which decreases ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Respiratory system

A

System used for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Respiration

A

The action of breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

The process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration and out of the lungs during expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

External respiration

A

Pulmonary vent, pulmonary diffusion and gas exchange, gas transport in blood, gas exchange at tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Transport of respiratory gasses

A

The process in which organisms take in O2 and give out CO2 exchanged and moved through the body in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Internal respiration

A

Cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Nasal cavity function
Filter, warm, and moisten incoming air Resonance chamber for voice production
26
Nasal septum
Divides nasal cavity into L&R Formed by Vomer and ethmoid bones and septal cartilage
27
Nasal conchae
Turbinates in nasal cavity to increase SA of mucose which enhances air turbulence and aids in trapping large particles
28
Paranasal sinuses
Resonating chambers for speech filled with mucus and air Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary bones make cavities
29
Hard palate
Bony roof of oral cavity, separates mouth from nasal cavity Maxillary and palatine bones
30
Soft palate
From posterior hard palate, make up posterior roof of mouth
31
Pharynx
Tube part of alimentary canal and upper airway 3 parts
32
Nasopharynx
Rear of nasal cavity above soft palate, always open
33
Posterior nasal aperture
2 opening in back of nasal passage b/w nasal cavity and pharynx
34
Otitis media
Ear infection in middle of the ear, causes inflammation and fluid buildup behind eardrum
35
Oropharynx
lies b/w soft palate and hyoid bone, upper airway and alimentary canal
36
Laryngopharynx
Hyoid bone to lower border of circoid cartilage Spot of division between larynx and esophagus
37
Larynx
Upper most section of Lower resp. tract, airway Between trachea and root of tongue
38
Thyroid cartilage
Largest cartilage of larynx, attachment point for ligaments and muscles Forms voice box Support and protect vocal cords Forms Adam's apple
39
Circoid cartilage
Lower/posterior larynx Full circular cartilage around trachea Bellow thyroid cart.
40
Epiglottis
elastic cartilage, covers trachea so food doesn't go down it
41
Vestibular folds
False vocal cords Superior to true, assist epiglottis in closing during swallowing
42
Vocal folds
True cords Passing air vibrates folds to produces phonation
43
Arytenoid cartilage
Vocal cartilages
44
Glottis
The vocal cords and the opening between them
45
Trachea
Major airway of lower resp. Larynx --> 5th thoracic vert.
46
Primary bronchi
L&R After trachea, before bronchioles Major airway continuation
47
Hilum
depression where structures from root of lung enter/leave lung
48
Bronchioles
Narrow airways of lower resp. serve alveoli
49
Respiratory bronchioles
Narrowest airway of lungs
50
Respiratory tree
The branching structure of airways supplying air to lungs
51
Alveolar ducts
Enlarged terminal of bronchiole that branch into terminal alveoli
52
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
53
Respiratory membrane
Surface where gas exchange between blood and alveoli occurs
54
Structures of the respiratory zone
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
55
Structures of conducting zone
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and most bronchioles
56
Root of lung
Depressed surface at center of medial surface, anterior to 5-7 thoracic vertebra
57
Apex of lung
Top
58
Base of lung
Bottom
59
Costal surface
Covered by costal pleura along sternum and ribs
60
Pleura
Serous membranes lining thorax, envelope lungs
61
Parietal pleura
Outer layer of pleura
62
Diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle that allows for inspiration
63
Visceral pleura
Inner layer of pleura
64
Pleural cavity
Space b/w pleura, thin layer of tissue that covers lungs and lines chest cavity
65
Tidal Volume (Vt)
Amount of air that moves in or out of lungs with each respiratory cycle
66
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
the extra volume of air that can be inspired with maximal effort after reaching the end of a normal, quiet inspiration
67
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
The amount of air expired during an active exhale after a normal quiet exhale
68
Vital Capacity (VC)
Greatest volume of air that can be expelled from lungs after deepest breathe possible IRV + ERV + Vt
69
Minute Respiratory volume (MRV) Minute Ventilation Ve
Volume of gas inhaled/exhaled per minute
70
Forced vital capacity (FVC)
Total air exhaled during FEV test
71
Forced Expiratory Volume (FEVt)
the volume of air that an individual can exhale during a forced breath in t seconds
72
Residual Volume (RV)
The volume left in the lungs after a complete exhale
73
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
Total inspiration Vt + IRV
74
Expiratory capacity (EC)
Total expiration Vt + ERV
75
Functional residual/reserve capacity (FRC)
Air left in lungs after normal tidal breathing ERV + RV
76
Total lung capacity
Volume of air in lungs upon max inspire and max expire IRV + ERV + Vt + RV
77
Power lab
Go through steps on how to find/calculate everything using power lab

A&P 2 Lab (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions