LAB 10

Question 1

Define Biological Clocks

Answer 1

processes that living organisms possess to keep time

Question 2

The biological clocks in animals can be

Answer 2

molecular mechanisms (chemical reactions)

cellular networks of
communication (signaling systems)

Question 3

Circadian rhythms

Answer 3

oscillations in physiology or behavior that occur with a
periodicity of about 24 hours

Question 4

The molecular mechanisms
regulating biological clocks typically involve

Answer 4

transcription/translation feedback loop that controls the expression of clock genes and clock-controlled genes

Question 5

what are the 4 principles of circadian rhythmicity

Answer 5

1. The rhythm lasts approximately 24 hours (free-running period),
2. The rhythm is endogenously generated (occurs in the absence of environmental cures),
3. The rhythms are entrainable (their phase is set by some time giver, often light), and
4. The rhythms are temperature compensated (their chemistry is not impacted by temperature).

Question 6

Human Sleep Cycle

Answer 6

8 hrs/night

Question 7

chronotype

Answer 7

the time your brain’s clock has you sleep

Question 8

Proposed functions of sleep are

Answer 8

1. Restoration (metabolic recovery)
2. Cognition (memory consolidation)

Question 9

what are larks ( morningness chronotype)

Answer 9

people who go to sleep early and wake up early in the morning

Question 10

‘owls’ or eveningness chronotypes

Answer 10

people who to sleep late and wake up late

Question 11

Human sleep is divided into

Answer 11

2 four hour blocks

Question 12

Early stage of the sleep cycle is
considered deep sleep and these first 4 hours are associated with

Answer 12

slow-wave
electroencephalogram (EEG) brain activity.

Question 13

Late stage of the sleep cycle is considered
shallow sleep and these 4 hours are associated wit

Answer 13

higher frequency EEG brain activity,
often associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.