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LAB > Lab 10: Joints and Muscular System > Flashcards

Lab 10: Joints and Muscular System Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

what movement is it when u hold your hand straight out from the shoulder an move your hand in circle

A

circumduction

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2
Q

stand w your hands at side, palms toward midline, turn palm forward. which movement is this

A

supination

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3
Q

sit at edge of chair with legs straight in front of you, heels on floor, turn soles of feet away from each other, what movement is this

A

eversion

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4
Q

bend your arm so your fingers touch your shoulder, what type of movement is occuring at elbow

A

flexion

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5
Q

stand w feet tgt and move right leg away from left leg using hip joint, what movement is this

A

abduction

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6
Q

define abduction

A

movement of limb or other body part away from medial line

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7
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb or other body part toward medial line

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8
Q

flexion meaning

A

bending movement that decreases angle between articulating bones (caused by the contraction of a flexor muscle)

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9
Q

dorsiflexion meaning

A

toes point upward (standing on heels)

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10
Q

plantar flexion meaning

A

toes point downward (tiptoe)

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11
Q

extension meaning

A

bending movement that increases angle between articulating bones; straightening or extending a limb (caused by contraction of an extensor muscle)

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12
Q

hyperextension meaning

A

continuation of extension beyond anatomical position

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13
Q

rotation meaning

A

movement of bone around its longitudinal axis without lateral displacement of the body part

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14
Q

circumduction meaning

A

movement in which one end of a limb remains stationary while distal end of limb moves in circle

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15
Q

pronation meaning

A

movement of the hand from a palm up to a palm down. this can also refer to movements that place body in a face down position

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16
Q

supination meaning

A

movement of hand from palm down to palm up

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17
Q

eversion meaning

A

soles turned outward

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18
Q

inversion

A

soles turned inward

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19
Q

function of synovial fluid

A

thick liquid b/w joints
=reduce friction
=cushion

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20
Q

function of ligaments surrounding the joint

A

serves to hold structures tgt and keep them stable

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21
Q

bursitis meaning

A

inflammation of bursa (fluid filled sac)

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22
Q

tendonitis meaning

A

inflammation of thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone (tendons)

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23
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of one or more joints

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24
Q

masseter O,I, FUNCTION

A

O = zygomatic arch
I = lateral surface of mandible
F = elevates mandible as in closing jaw

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25
sternocleidomastoid O,I,F
O = manubrium of sternum & medial portion of clavicle I = mastoid process of temporal bone F = both muscles tgt flex neck & rotates head toward shoulder
26
pectoralis major O,I,F
O = clavicle, sternum I = humerus F = flexes the arm at shoulder joint
27
Deltoid O,I,F
O = acromion process and scapulas spine I = deltoid tuberosity of humerus F = abducts arm
28
latissimus dorsi O,I,F
O = lower ribs & iliac crest I = Humerus F = extends arm at shoulder joint
29
triceps brachii IOF
O = SCAPULA I = OLECRANON PROCESS OF ULNA F = EXTENDS FOREARM
30
Biceps brachii IOF
O = SCAPULA I = RADIAL TUBEROSITY F = flexes forearm
31
brachioradialis IOF
O= LATERAL BORDER OF DISTAL HUMERUS I = BASE OF STYLOID PROCESS OF RADIUS F = FLEXES FOREARM
32
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS IOF
O = OLECRANON PROCESS OF ULNA I = CARPALS F = FLEXES HAND
33
EXTERNSOR CARPI ULNARIS IOF
O = LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS I = BASE OF METACARPAL V F = EXTENDS HAND
34
RECTUS ABDOMINUS IOF
O = PUBIC CREST I = XIPHOID PROCESS OF STERNUM F = FLEXES VERTEBRAL COLUMN
35
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS IOF
O = SACRUM I = POSTERIOR SURFACE OF FEMUR F = EXTENDS THIGH AT HIP
36
ADDUCTOR LONGUS IOF
O = PUBIS I = POSTERIOR SURFACE OF FEMUR F = FLEXES THIGH AT HIP
37
RECTUS FEMORIS IOF
O = ILIUM SPINE I = PATELLA F = EXTENDS LOWER LEG
38
VASTUS LATERALIS IOF
O = POSTERIOR FEMUR I = PATELLA F = EXTENDS LOWER LEG
39
VASTUS MEDIALIS IOF
O = MEDIAL SURFACE OF FEMUR I = PATELLA F = EXTENDES LOWER LEG
40
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS IOF
O = LATERAL AND ANTERIOR FEMUR SURFACE I = PATELLA F = EXTENDS LOWER LEG
41
BICEPS FEMORIS
O = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY I = HEAD OF FIBULA F = EXTENDS THIGH AND LATERALLY ROTATES LEG
42
SEMITENDINOSUS
O = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY I = MEDUAL SURFACE OF TIBIA F = FLEXES LOWER LEG
43
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
O = ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY I = MEDIAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA F = EXTENDS THIGH
44
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
O = LATERAL SURFACE OF TIBIA I = TARSAL BONE F = INVERTS FOOT
45
GASTROCNEMIUS
O =LATERAL CONDYLES OF FEMUR I = POSTERIOR SURFACE OF CALCANEUS F = FLEXES LOWER LEG
46
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
O = LATERAL CONDYLE OF TIBIA I = MIDDLE AND DISTAL PHALANGES OF TOES F =EXTENDS TOES
47
Joints / articulations meaning
where bones attached to one another
48
3 divisions of joints
Synarthroses (immovable) Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable) Diarthroses (freely movable)
49
3 types of joint structure
Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial joints
50
is fibrous immovable or movable
(synarthroses / immovable)
51
describe sutures of fibrous joints and example
bones held close tgt by connective tissue Immovable ex: joint found b/w cranial and facial bones of skull
52
describe syndesmosis of fibrous joints and examples
united by band of dense c.t Amount of movement: depends on length of connecting fibers ex: joint found @ distal articulation b/w tibia and fibula (synarthroses)
53
is cartilaginous movable or slightly
(amphiarthroses / slightly movable)
54
2 types of cartilagenous bones
Synchondroses Symphyses
55
describe Synchondroses
articulating bones connected by hyaline cartilage Synarthrosis (immovable)
56
describe Symphyses
articulating bones are connected by hyaline cartilage Amphiarthrosis
57
what type of movable is synovial joint
diarthroses / freely movable
58
4 things movements is limited by synovial joints
Ligaments Muscles Tendons Adjoining bones
59
Articular cartilage (hyaline) function
covers surface of articulating bones
60
Articular capsule function
encloses joint cavity
61
2 types of articular capsule
Fibrous capsule = outer layer Synovial membrane = inner layer
62
Synovial fluid function
Fills synovial cavity Lubricates joint Provides nourishment for articular cartilage
63
refer to notes for 6 types of synovial joints
yup
64
most unstable joint is
Shoulder joint
65
4 function of shoulder joints
Flexion + hyperextension + extension Abduction + adduction Medial + lateral rotation Circumduction
66
“Superstabilizer” tendon of biceps function
secures head of humerus against glenoid cavity
67
Coracohumeral ligament is what
thickening of superior part of articular capsule (b/w coracoid process of scapula + humeral head)
68
Glenohumeral ligaments
3 thickenings of anterior part of articular capsule
69
Coracoacromial ligament = extends b/w what
coracoid process and acromion
70
Synovial planar joint is between
b/w lateral end of clavicle and acromion process of scapular
71
Acromioclavicular ligament extends b/w
b/w clavicle and acromion process
72
Coracoclavicular ligament binds__
binds clavicle to coracoid process of scapula
73
Bursae (4)
flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial mem and has synovial fluid
74
knee joint movement is limited (3)
Movement limited to Extension Flexon roation
75
Menisci is atached to what
attached to outer margins and become damaged during injuries
76
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments provide
provide stability
77
Formed by articulation of spherical head of femur is
Hip (Coxal) Joint
78
3 ligaments of hip joint
Iliofemoral (v shaped interiorly) Pubofemoral (triangle in the inner part) Ischiofemoral (spiraling posteriorly)
79
Ligamentum teres is
ligament concealed inside joint and has vessel that supply head of femur
80
3 types of muscular system and function
skeletal, smooth, cardiac Function: movement
81
describe skeletal's ends, nucleus. striations
Ends: blunt Nucleus: multiple Striations: visible
82
Synapse
site of communication b/w neuron and muscle cell
83
Synaptic end bulbs
cluster of structures that has Synaptic vesicles (w/ acetylcholine) Membrane enclosed sacs
84
Origin meaning
bony site of attachment of a muscle @ the relatively stationary end of a bone
85
insertion is what
attachment site on the bone which moves
86
Agonist
muscle whose contraction is primarily responsible for producing a particular action
87
Antagonist is what
muscle that stretches and yields to action of a prime mover
88
fixator meaning
stabilize the origin of the prime mover so it acts efficiently
89
Synergist
contact at same time as prime mover, they help to do an action

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