Lab 9: The Skeletal System

Question 1

What makes up the Skeletal Systems?
(3)

Answer 1

Cartilages
Joints
Ligaments

Question 2

3 functions of bones

Answer 2

1. form joints
2. Site for ligament (bone to bone) / tendon (muscle to bone) attachment
3. allow for passage of nerves and blood vessels

Question 3

how many bones does adult have and what are the 2 divisions

Answer 3

206
Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
Axial skeleton (80 bones)

Question 4

3 examples of axial skeleton

Answer 4

Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

Question 5

what part of limbs is appendicular skeleton and give examples

Answer 5

Upper + lower limbs
Arms, legs, hands, feet, joints

Question 6

5 classification of bones

Answer 6

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

Question 7

example and meaning of long bones

Answer 7

longer limbs
Ex: arm, humerus, ulna, femur
- curved for strength

Question 8

example and meaning of compact bones

Answer 8

• at surface of long bones (diaphysis/ shaft region)
• epiphyses: contain spongy bone covered by thin layer of compact bone

Question 9

short bones example and meaning

Answer 9

• small + boxy
  Ex: carpal bones & tarsal bones

Question 10

describe flat bones and give examples

Answer 10

• thin, rough, parallel surface
• roof of skull, sternum, scapulae
  Ex: frontal, occipital, parietal

Question 11

example and describe irregular bones

Answer 11

• complex w/ flat, short, ridged surface
  Ex: hip bones, pelvis, spinal vertebrae)

Question 12

example and describe sesamoid bones

Answer 12

• flat, small, like sesame seed
• located near joints @ knees, hands, feet
  Ex: tendons, kneecaps, patella

Question 13

ossification occurs when in skull

Answer 13

during developing embryo

Question 14

location of skull

Answer 14

embryonic skull by a process, intramembranous ossification

Question 15

fontanels function

Answer 15

Provide flexibility to fetal skull
=Allow skull to compress ass it passes through birth canal and permit brain growth

Question 16

how many bones in adult skull and 3 things that they are composed of

Answer 16

facial bones cranial + suture,
= 22 total of cranial and facial bones

Question 17

cranial function

Answer 17

enclose + protect brain and site of attachment of head + neck muscles

Question 18

what does facial bone form

Answer 18

form face, hold teeth, anchor muscles of facial expression

Question 19

what are sutures

Answer 19

immovable joints (coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid)

Question 20

what is the u shaped bone called

Answer 20

hyoid

Question 21

location and function of hyoid

Answer 21

Location: anterior part of neck below mandible
Function: attachment point for muscles of tongue + larynx

Question 22

3 types of vertebral column and how many are there

Answer 22

cervical (bfast 7)
Thoracic (lunch 12)
Lumbar (dinner 5)

Question 23

4 functions of vertebral column

Answer 23

=strong, flexible rod that extends from skull to pelvic area
=Encloses and protect spinal cord
=Support head
=Serves as attachment point for ribs, pelvic girdle, muscles of neck and back

Question 24

2 things hyoid bone consists of

Answer 24

Thick disc shaped body
Vertebral foramen (spinal cord)

Question 25

4 Curvatures function:

Answer 25

Increase strength Help maintain balance Absorb shocks when moving Help protect vertebrae from fracture

Question 26

is Thoracic + sacral curves concave (cupping in)

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

is cervical + lumbar curves concave (cupping in)

Answer 27

no, bulging out (convex)

Question 28

Transverse foramina function

Answer 28

allow passage for artery and vein

Question 29

whats the smallest and lightest vertebral

Answer 29

Cervical 7 vertebrae (C1 - C7)

Question 30

ATLAS (C1) function and describe its image

Answer 30

bony ring (support head) nodding head yes

Question 31

atlas C1 has superior articular facet, what is this

Answer 31

receive occipital condyles of skull

Question 32

description of axis C2 and its for nodding hear __

Answer 32

large, tooth like process nodding no

Question 33

Axis C2 function

Answer 33

dens / odontoid process arises from vertebra body Attach to anterior part of atlas

Question 34

2 features of thoracic

Answer 34

Heart shaped body (others are rectangle) Circle foramen (others triangle)

Question 35

how many vertebrae in thoracic

Answer 35

12 vertebrae (T1 - T12)

Question 36

how many vertebrae in lumbar? and its the _ and _ vertebrae

Answer 36

5 vertebrae (L1-L5) Large + heavy vertebrae (weight bearing)

Question 37

features in lumbar

Answer 37

Thick body Short spinous process Triangle vertebral foramen

Question 38

sacrum function

Answer 38

Function=strong support for pelvic girdle 5 fused sacral vertebrae

Question 39

how does coccyx point in female and male

Answer 39

Female: it points inferiorly to allow passage of baby for birth Male: points anteriorly

Question 40

what forms anterior wall of thoracic cage / bony thorax

Answer 40

sternum

Question 41

3 fused bones of sternum and describe them

Answer 41

1) Manubrium = Articulate w/ clavicle (pectoral girdle) + first pair of ribs 2) Body = Articulate w/ 9 pair of ribs 3) Xiphoid process

Question 42

thoracic cage is composed of

Answer 42

sternum + ribs (12 paired ribs)

Question 43

3 types of ribs

Answer 43

1) True ribs: First 7 have direct anterior attachment to sternum 2) False ribs: Remaining 5 ribs attached indirectly to sternum or not at all 3) Floating ribs: 2 @ the end (float in muscles in back)

Question 44

what are appendicular bones and give 2 types

Answer 44

bones of limbs pectoral (shoulder) girdle Pelvic (hip) girdle

Question 45

what is pectoral girdle and 4 things its composed of

Answer 45

bones of each arm articulate w/ pectoral girdle (2 clavicles + 2 scapulae)

Question 46

shape of clavicle and function

Answer 46

S shaped Function: interior brace to prevent shoulder dislocation

Question 47

give 2 types of clavicle

Answer 47

1) Medial (sternal) end = blunt & smooth Articulate w/ manubrium of sternum 2) Lateral (acromial) end = broad & flattened Articulate / acromion process of scapula

Question 48

shape and function of scapula

Answer 48

large, triangular Function: protect back of chest and shoulder motion

Question 49

4 types of upper limbs and what are they composed of

Answer 49

1) arms (brachium) =Humerus 2) Forearms (antebrachium) =Ulna = Radius 3) Wrists (carpus) = carpal bones (8) 4) Hands =metacarpal bones (5) = Phalanges (14)

Question 50

largest and longest bone of upper limb

Answer 50

humerus

Question 51

2 ends of humerus

Answer 51

Proximal end = articulate w/ glenoid cavity of scapula Distal end = articulate w/ radius + ulna

Question 52

what sides are the ulna and radius

Answer 52

ulna = medial side Radius = lateral side

Question 53

what are the distal and proximal end of ulna

Answer 53

Proximal end of ulna = humerus Distal end of ulna = fibrocartilage

Question 54

strong bony ring attached to sacrum is called

Answer 54

pelvic girdle

Question 55

3 components of pelvic girdle

Answer 55

ring, coxa, bony pelvic

Question 56

3 bones of coxa

Answer 56

Ilium Ischium Pubis

Question 57

bony pelvis is made up of 3 things

Answer 57

coxae + coccyx + sacrum

Question 58

5 components of lower limb

Answer 58

Thighs (femur) Kneecaps (patella) Legs (tibia + fibula) Ankles (tarsus) Feet (metatarsal bones + 14 phalanges)

Question 59

longest + heaviest bone in body

Answer 59

femur

Question 60

patella is what type of bone

Answer 60

sesamoi

Question 61

patella is what type of bone

Answer 61

sesamoid

Question 62

medial and larger bone of leg is

Answer 62

tibia

Question 63

long slender bone on lateral side is

Answer 63

fibula

Question 64

tibia function

Answer 64

Function: transmit weight of body from femur onto foot

Question 65

fibula function

Answer 65

Function: provide stability to ankle joint

Question 66

2 components of feet

Answer 66

calcaneus and talus

Question 67

talus is articulates w/ ??

Answer 67

tibia and fibula

Question 68

large, strong heel bone is called

Answer 68

calcaneus

Question 69

process definition

Answer 69

any projection of bump

Question 70

tuberosity

Answer 70

small, rough projection that occupy broadd area of bone surface

Question 71

tubercle

Answer 71

small rounded projection

Question 72

trochanter meaning

Answer 72

large rough projection

Question 73

what is the smooth rounded articular projection @ surface of bones called

Answer 73

condyle

Question 74

bony bumps at bottom of humerus is

Answer 74

epicondyle

Question 75

facet

Answer 75

small flat articular surface

Question 76

prominent ridge is

Answer 76

crest

Question 77

expanded proximal end of a bone that forms part of a joint

Answer 77

head

Question 78

round opening in a bone is thur which blood vessels and nerve go

Answer 78

foramen

Question 79

large passageway through substance of a bone

Answer 79

meatus

Question 80

fossa is

Answer 80

the shallow depression in a bone surface

Question 81

what is the only movable bone

Answer 81

mandible

Question 82

which suture passes thru foramen magnum

Answer 82

spinal cord

Question 83

occipital condyles rest upon which bone

Answer 83

atlas c1; cervical vertebrae

Question 84

7 bones in eye orbit

Answer 84

sphenoid frontal zygomatic ethmoid lacrimal maxilla palatine

Question 85

13 bones that form face

Answer 85

paired = nasal bones = inferior nasal conchae = palatine bones = maxillae = zygomatic bones = lacrimal bones unpaired = mandible = vomer

Question 86

thoracic vertebra function

Answer 86

allows u to identify region of vertebral column it is from

Question 87

which bones are the first 7 bones of backbone

Answer 87

cervical

Question 88

which vertebrae do ribs articulate with

Answer 88

t1-t12 thoracic verterbae

Question 89

scoliosis menaing

Answer 89

sideiway curve to spine

Question 90

kyphosis

Answer 90

exaggerated forward rounding of upper back (hunchback)

Question 91

2 bones contribute to zygomatic arch

Answer 91

zygomatic bone and temporal

Question 92

thoracic cage function

Answer 92

protect heart and lungs = structures serves as attachment point of respiration for breathing

Question 93

2 bones composed of hard palate

Answer 93

maxilla and palatine

Question 94

why are bodies of lumbar vertebrae big

Answer 94

need to support body weight when standing

Question 95

true pelvis meaning and what does it contain

Answer 95

contains colon, rectum bladder and it encloses pelvic cavity and bordered by bone on all sides

Question 96

false pelvis function

Answer 96

supports intestines (ilium and sigmoid colon) expanded portion of ilium

Question 97

how to tell b/w male and female pelvis

Answer 97

pelvic brim in male = heart female = oval pubic arch male = 90 degree female = wide, more than 90

Question 98

which bone articulates with acetabulum and tibia

Answer 98

femur

Question 99

whch bone u sit down on

Answer 99

ischium

Question 100

to which bone of axial does pectoral girdle attach

Answer 100

manubrium of sternum

Question 101

what bones compose palm of hand

Answer 101

metacarpal

Question 102

3 bones compose of os coxae

Answer 102

ilium, ischium, pubis