Lab 10 Urinary Flashcards by Isabella Yarrow

Kidneys function

regulate H20, salt & ph levels of blood
conserve nutrients, excrete waste
produce renin & EPO
activate vit D

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tissue of bladder

traditional epithelium

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where are the kidneys located

lateral T12 & L3

retroperitoneal: lie outside of peritoneum of abdominal cavity

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what are the 3 layers of CT the protect kidney from deep to superficial

1) Renal capsule
2) Adipose capsule
3) Renal fascia

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what is renal capsule

collagen on outer surface of kidney

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what is adipose capsule

thick layer of adipose tissue surrounding renal capsule

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what is renal fascia

bands of collagen that anchor kidneys to muscles of body wall

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what is the renal hillium

point where BV’s enter kidneys

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where is renal medulla

deep to the cortex (middle)

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what is in the medullary pyramids

nephrons

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what is in the medullary column

blood vessels, interloper arteries & veins

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what does the minor calyx do

drains urine into major calyx

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what does major calyx do

drains urine into renal pelvis

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what is a nephron

the structural unit of a kidney

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what does the glomerular/bowman capsule do

receives filtrate

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what does the proximal convoluted tubule do

secretion & reabsorption of sodium, h20 & toxins

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what does the nephron loop do

medullary osmoticc gradient - filter & dilute filtrate

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what does the distal convoluted tubule do

reabsorption & secretion & dumps into collecting duct

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what does the collecting duct do

concentrates & collects urine

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what are peritubular capiliaries

they run along side the nephron & for reabsorption & secretion

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what is in the renal cortex

bowmans capsules & proximal & distal tubules

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what is in the renal medulla

nephron loop & collecting ducts

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what is the visceral epithelium

the podocytes the form a filtration membrane

the capsular space is…

filled with filtrate

The renal tubules are made of...

simple cuboidal

what amount of cardiac output does the kidney receive

20-25%

list the circulation of the kidney

1) Renal artery (enters helium) 2) segmental/lobar arteries 3) interloper arteries (right beside minor calyx) 4) arcuate artery (circular around the medulla) 5) cortical radiate arteries (in cortex) 6) Afferent article (blood delivered to nephron) 7) enters glomerulus = knot of fenestrated capillaries 8) water & dissolved solutes move into glomerular capsule b/c of bp 9) blood that isn't filtered leaves via efferent artieroles 10) efferent arterioles trance to form peritubular capilieaes & vasa recta where exchange of materials occurs 11) Blood collects into cortical radiate veins 12) then arcuate veins, the interloper veins, lobar veins & renal vein

how much blood do the kidneys filter dailey

150-180L

when is water returned to blood

along nephron tubules, proximal & distal tubules, collecting duct

what is urine ...

contains waste & surplus materials . It's a reflection of blood & interstitial fluid status

what can affect color, density & specific gravity of urine

food, vitamins, hydration, disease

what is specific gravity

relative weight of fluid compared to water. | 1.002-1.030

urine contains:

Water, Urea, Creatinine, uric acid, Na+, K+, phosphate, calcium magnesium, bicarbonate ph depends on diet

milk urine means

WBC, bacteria or fat

red/amber urine means

urobillinogen- can indicate liver disease, addisons or more

brown yellow or green urine means

maybe bile pigment

red/smoky brown urine means

maybe blood

turbidity: cloudy urine means

phosphates, rates, WBC, bacteria, epithelial cells or fats

if urine has glucose:

excessive carb intake or diabetes

if urine has albumin

increased permeability of glomerular mem., kidney trauma, ingestion of heavy metal, toxins, glomerulonephritis, hypertension

if urine has ketone bodies

starvation or acidosis

if urine has nitrites

UTI or bacterial contamination

if bacteria had protein

glomerular damage, inflammation, physical stress, strenuous exercise

if urine has RBC

imitation of organs by calculi or trauma

if hemoglobin is in urine

hemolysis of RBC (hemolytic anemia, transfusion rxn., burns, renal disease)

if urine has bile pigments

liver pathology (hepatitis or cirrhosis)

if urine has WBC

inflammation due to bacterial infection

if urine has casts

pathological condition due to pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis or other renal damage

what is glycosuria

sugar in urine (diabetes)

what is albuminuria

albumin in urine (kidney disease)

what is renal calculi

kidney stones (stress, diet)

what is ketonuria

ketone bodies in urine (starvation, diabetes)

what is hematuria

blood (kidney, bladder cancer)

what is pyuria

pus in urine (bacterial infection )

what is pyelonephritis

inflamed kidneys (kidney infection)

what is glomerulonephritis

acute inflammation of kidneys (glomeruli injury, including lupus, Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's disease, and polyarteritis nodosa)