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Animal Diversity Lab > Lab 12 - Chordata II > Flashcards

Lab 12 - Chordata II Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

challenges to living on land (6)

A
  1. support
  2. locomotion
  3. gas exchange
  4. desiccation
  5. fertilization
  6. thermal extremes
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2
Q

what are more metabolically variable than other animal phyla?

A

terrestrial chordates

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3
Q

animal metabolism can be classified into two general groups

A
  • ectothermic
  • endothermic
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4
Q

ectoderm

A

does not have the ability to regulate its own body temperature and must reply on the ambient temperature

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5
Q

endotherm

A

can keep its bodily chemical reactions at an optimal temperature

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6
Q

which type of animal is more active, endothermic or ectothermic?

A

endothermic

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7
Q

tetrapods

A

limbed chordates

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8
Q

tetrapods have skeletons that can be divided into two major regions

A
  • axial skeleton
  • appendicular skeleton
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9
Q

muscle in tetrapods are organized in ______ pairs

A

antagonistic

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10
Q

Clade Sarcopterygii includes

A

lobe-finned fish

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11
Q

lobe-finned fish

A

their fins sit at the ends of muscular projections instead of coming alomost

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12
Q

what are the three lineages of Sarcopterygii?

A
  1. Subclass Dipnoi
  2. Subclass Actinistia
  3. Clade Tetrapoda
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13
Q

Subclass Dipnoi has what kind of animals?

A

lungfish

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14
Q

Subclass Actinistia has what kind of animals?

A

coelacanths

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15
Q

Clade Tetrapoda

A

boney vertebrates with four dactylus limbs (limbs with digits)

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16
Q

the tetrapod ancestor had how many fingers/toes per hand?

A

five ! lol

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17
Q

Class Amphibia contains what kinds of animals? (3)

A

frogs, toads, and salamanders

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18
Q

paedomorphosis

A

where sexually mature adults retain juvenile characteristics

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19
Q

some characteristics of Class Amphibia (4)

A
  • ectothermic
  • metamorphosis
  • require water for reproduction
  • three chambered heart
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20
Q

what adaptations do modern Amphibia members have to land? (2)

A

lungs and robust bones

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21
Q

what adaptations do modern Amphibia members have to water? (2)

A

a tail with fin, and external gills

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22
Q

what do neck vertebrae allow you to do that a CHondrichthyes or Actinopterygii cannot?

A

allow the head to move independently from the body

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23
Q

Order Urodela has what kind of animals?

A

salamanders

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24
Q

salamanders have a series of ridges along their abdomen called _____ _____

A

costal grooves

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25
do the toes of members of Order Urodela have claws?
no
26
what direction does the cloacal slit of members of Order Urodela go?
longitudinal/anterior-posterior direction
27
cloaca
common opening of both the digestive and reproductive tract
28
Order Anura has what kind of animals? (2)
frogs and toads
29
what bony remnant of the post-anal tail that was present in the tadpole stage of an Amphibia remains in the adult?
projection of the ischium
30
why are antagonistic pairs of muscles necessary? (2)
- muscles can exert force in only one direction - to allow one muscle to counteract the movements of its antagonistic partner
31
what is true for a single-circuit? (2)
- typically in animals with a 2-chambered heart - blood leaving the heart makes a single path to gills/lungs --> tissues and then returns to the heart
32
what is true for a double-circuit? (2)
- typically in animals with a 3/4 chambered heart - has separate pulmonary and systemic branches that route blood to the lungs and the rest of the body, respectively
33
amniotic egg
the egg is special in that structures associated with the egg provide for gas exchange and waste removal
34
Amniotes have what kind of fertilization?
internal
35
scales are made from...
keratin (a fibrous protein)
36
anapsid skull
no holes behind the orbit
37
the anapsid skull is characteristic of what animal?
turtles
38
synapsid skull
one hole behind the orbit
39
the synapsid skull is characteristic of what animals?
mammals and their direct ancestors
40
diapsid skull
two holes behind the orbit
41
a diapsid skull is characteristic of what animals? (4)
lizards, snakes, crocodilians, and birds
42
the holes of diapsid skulls are used for?
muscle attachment
43
Class Reptilia contains what kinds of animals? (5)
lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, and birds
44
Clade Testudines have what kind of animals?
turtles
45
what is the top portions of turtle shells called?
carapace
46
what is the carapace made from?
fused ribs, vertebrae, and dermal bone
47
the bottom of turtle shells are called the...
plastron
48
what is the plastron composed of?
dermal bone
49
what are the 'scales' of turtle shells called?
scutes
50
what are scutes made from?
keratin
51
what group is the only Chordates that has limbs on the inside of their ribcage?
Clade Testudines - Turtles
52
turtle hearts have how many chambers?
three
53
shunting
turtles divert the normal flow of blood away from the lungs and toward the more important organs such as heart/limbs to stay submerged longer
54
Clade Lepidosauria contains what kind of animals? (2)
lizards and snakes
55
Lepidosauria is ecto/endothermic.
ectothermic
56
which directions do the members of Lepidosauria cloacal slit go in?
transversely
57
fossorial
burrowing or otherwise living underground
58
what is a non-tetrapod Sarcopterygii found in salt water?
coelacanth
59
what groups contain organisms with a non-amniotic egg and tail as an adult?
Urodela
60
These features are greatly modified for jumping, label them.
Orange: short, stiff vertebral column with no ribs Blue: elongated limbs and ankle bones Green: urostyle
61
Label these features of Order Urodela
Orange: costal grooves Green: toes without claws Blue: longitudinal cloacal slit
62
Class Reptilia contains what Clades? (3)
- Lepidosauria - Archosauria - Testudines
63
Class Mammalia contains what Clades? (3)
- Monotremata - Metatheria - Eutheria
64
Amniota contains these two Classes (2)
Reptilia and Mammalia
65
Tetrapoda contains these three Classes (3)
Amphibia, Reptilia, and Mammalia
66
Clade Archosauria contains what kinds of animals? (3)
crocodilians, birds, and dinosaurs
67
Are crocodilians ecto or endothermic?
ectothermic
68
are birds ecto or endothermic?
endothermic
69
what kind of hearts do crocodilians and birds have?
4 chambered heart
70
what kind of reproduction do members of Clade Archosauria have?
oviparous
71
Class Aves contains what kind of animals
birds
72
what adaptations do birds have for flight? (5)
- hollow limb bones - keel on sternum - air sacs - unidirectional air flow - feathers
73
what are feathers used for? (2)
flight and thermoregulation
74
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Sarcopterygii Subclass Actinistia
75
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Sarcopterygii Subclass Dipnoi
76
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Sarcopterygii Subclass Dipnoi
77
name these specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Tetrapoda Class Amphibia Order Anura
78
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Tetrapods Class Amphibia Order Urodela
79
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Tetrapoda Class Amphibia Order Anura
80
name these specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Tetrapods Class Amphibia Order Urodela
81
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Lepidosauria
82
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Lepidosauria
83
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Lepidosauria
84
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Lepidosauria
85
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Lepidosauria
86
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Lepidosauria
87
name these specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Lepidosauria
88
name these specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Lepidosauria
89
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Archosauria
90
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Archosauria
91
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Archosauria
92
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Archosauria
93
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Archosauria
94
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Archosauria Feathers
95
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Testudines
96
name this specimen
Phylum Chordata Clade Amniota Class Reptilia Clade Testudines

Animal Diversity Lab (11 decks)

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