Quiz 1 - Microscopes and Porifera

Question 1

Classification: What phyla, classes, or subclasses are in Porifera? (4)

Answer 1

Classes
- Homoscleromorpha
- Calcarea
- Hexactinellida
- Demospongiae

Question 2

what is the largest class of sponges?

Answer 2

Demospongiae

Question 3

What kind of organization does Phylum Porifera have?

Answer 3

cellular level only, they have specialized cells but no tissues or organs

Question 4

Parazoa

Answer 4

possess different kinds of cells and are asymmetrical

Question 5

what is the symmetry of Phylum Porifera?

Answer 5

asymmetrical

Question 6

what skeleton or support does Phylum Porifera have?

Answer 6

no real skeleton, but they do have spicules and spongin

Question 7

spicules

Answer 7

calcium carbonate/silica ‘toothpicks’ to give rigidity

Question 8

what kind of movement or locomotion does Phylum Porifera contain?

Answer 8

they are sessile adults

Question 9

does Phylum Porifera have any sensory or nervous structures?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

what kind of digestion does Phylum Porifera have?

Answer 10

they only possess intracellular digestion

Question 11

what kind of feeding does Phylum Porifera have?

Answer 11

suspension feeding

Question 12

how does Phylum Porifera deal with excretion/osmoregulation?

Answer 12

they use simple diffusion between the environment and cells

Question 13

how does Phylum Porifera handle circulation/internal transport?

Answer 13

they have no specialized structures, they use simple cell to cell transfer

Question 14

how does Phylum Porifera do respiration/gas exchange?

Answer 14

they use simple diffusion with the environment

Question 15

Are the members of Phylum Porifera monoecious or dioecious?

Answer 15

they are mostly monoecious but have some dioecious members

Question 16

does Phylum Porifera use sexual or asexual reproduction?

Answer 16

they use both depending on the environmental conditions

Question 17

asconoid body type

Answer 17

• simplest form
• water flows through it

Question 18

syconoid body type

Answer 18

• intermediate form
• lots of small canals for water to move through

Question 19

leuconoid

Answer 19

• most complex body type
• have many small passage ways to add surface area to the body allowing for larger sizes

Question 20

spongoceal

Answer 20

the center opening of a sponge

Question 21

amebocyte

Answer 21

mobile cells that carries food to other sponge cells and has the ability to differentiate into any other cell type (totipotent)

Question 22

pinacocyte

Answer 22

flattened cells that collectively make up the outer sponge body wall

Question 23

porocyte

Answer 23

doughnut-shaped cell that channels water into the radial canals

Question 24

choanocyte

Answer 24

flagellated cells that line the interior surface of radial canals and captures food particles for the sponge

Question 25

list the three body types in sponges from least to most complex

Answer 25

asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid

Question 26

water flows into the sponge body through numerous pores on the outer surface called _____

Answer 26

ostia

Question 27

water flows along incurrent canals, passing through other smaller openings in specialized cells called _____ into _____ _____

Answer 27

porocytes, radial canals

Question 28

radial canals are lined with what type of cells?

Answer 28

choanocytes

Question 29

Finally, water dumps into the _____, and is released from the sponge body through the _____

Answer 29

spongocoel, osculum

Question 30

The amount of food needed by a sponge is going to be determined by what?

Answer 30

the total volume of cells in its body

Question 31

Sponges have a very different body organization compared to other animals. What explains the unusual nature of sponge bodies being inconsistent with sponges being animals?

Answer 31

The sponge body represents a separate evolution of multicellularity from that of animals with other levels of body organization

Question 32

What is A?

Answer 32

ocular lens

Question 33

What is B?

Answer 33

the head

Question 34

What is C?

Answer 34

arm

Question 35

What is D?

Answer 35

mechanical stage

Question 36

What is E?

Answer 36

power switch

Question 37

What is F?

Answer 37

light intensity adjustment dial

Question 38

what if G?

Answer 38

stage adjustment knobs

Question 39

what is H?

Answer 39

the base

Question 40

what is I?

Answer 40

the nosepiece

Question 41

what is J?

Answer 41

objective lenses

Question 42

what is K?

Answer 42

the stage

Question 43

what is L?

Answer 43

the condenser

Question 44

what is M?

Answer 44

iris diaphragm

Question 45

what is N?

Answer 45

fine adjustment knob

Question 46

what is O?

Answer 46

coarse adjustment knob

Question 47

what is P?

Answer 47

illuminator

Question 48

What is the orientation of the slide when it appears through the ocular lenses?

Answer 48

upside down and backwards

Question 49

under which objective lens if the field of view the largest?

Answer 49

the lowest magnification

Question 50

under which objective lens is the field of view the smallest?

Answer 50

the highest magnification

Question 51

which lens gives you the largest working distance?

Answer 51

the low magnification

Question 52

which lends has the greatest depth of field?

Answer 52

low power

Question 53

As a rule, as magnification increases, depth of field _____

Answer 53

decreases

Question 54

which level of magnification requires the most illumination for the best clarity and contract?

Answer 54

high magnification

Question 55

If you have a microscope with a 10x ocular lens and a 40x objective lens, what is the total magnification?

Answer 55

400x

Question 56

what kind of spicules does class Calcarea have?

Answer 56

calcium carbonate

Question 57

what body types does Class Calcarea have?

Answer 57

all three, asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid

Question 58

what type of spicules does Demospongiae have?

Answer 58

silica

Question 59

what body types does Class Demospongiae have?

Answer 59

leuconoid

Question 60

what is the only class with freshwater sponges?

Answer 60

Demospongiae

Question 61

what type of spicules does Homoscleromorpha have?

Answer 61

silica and spongin, but few of them

Question 62

what body types do Homoscleromorpha have?

Answer 62

all leuconoid

Question 63

what kind of spicules does class Hexactinellida have?

Answer 63

silica

Question 64

what body types do class Hexactinellida have?

Answer 64

an intermediate between syconoid and leuconoid

Question 65

pinacoderm

Answer 65

**not a tissue** outside layer of a sponge composed of pinacocytes

Question 66

prosopyle

Answer 66

the hole through the center

Question 67

Where can members of Class Calcarea be found?

Answer 67

they mostly occur in shallow marine waters

Question 68

What Class is also called 'glass sponges'?

Answer 68

Hexactinellida

Question 69

In class Hexactinellida, what do their spicules do?

Answer 69

they are often fused together to form an elaborate skeleton

Question 70

Where can members of Hexactinellida be found?

Answer 70

mostly in deep oceans, with a few occuring in shallow waters in polar regions

Question 71

Describe the skeletal structure of Class Demospongiae.

Answer 71

they have spicules made of silica and have fibers made of a protein called pongin that form the skeleton

Question 72

Where can you find members of Class Demospongiae?

Answer 72

they occur in all marine environments, and are they only class to contain freshwater sponges

Question 73

where can members of Homoscleromorpha be found?

Answer 73

shallow marine waters, usually in caves or overhangs

Question 74

Describe the structure of Class Homoscleromorpha

Answer 74

living sponge is a thin layer growing on a base of calcium carbonate, with few spicules made of silica and have spongin

Question 75

What is special about Class Homoscleromorpha?

Answer 75

it is possible that their larvae have some tissue level organization!

Question 76

ostium

Answer 76

plural ostia name of a hole in the outside of a sponge through which water enters

Question 77

spongocoel

Answer 77

the large central cavity of a sponge

Question 78

osculum

Answer 78

the hole at the top of a sponge through which water exits

Question 79

water flow of an asconoid sponge (3)

Answer 79

ostium -> spongocoel -> osculum

Question 80

where are choanocytes found in asconoid sponge body types?

Answer 80

the spongocoel

Question 81

water flow in a syconoid sponge (7)

Answer 81

ostium -> incurrent canal -> prosopyle -> radial canal -> apopyle -> spongocoel -> osculum

Question 82

where are choanocytes found in the syconoid sponge body type?

Answer 82

radial canal

Question 83

water flow through a leuconoid sponge body type (8)

Answer 83

ostium -> incurrent canal -> prosopyle -> flagellated chamber -> apopyle -> excurrent canal -> spongocoel -> osculum

Question 84

what Class/Phylum does this specimen belong to?

Answer 84

Class Homoscleromorpha Phylum Porifera

Question 85

What Class/Phylum does this specimen belong to?

Answer 85

Class Hexactinellida Phylum Porifera

Question 86

What Class/Phylum does this specimen belong to? | p.c.

Answer 86

Class Calcarea Phylum Porifera

Question 87

What Class/Phylum does this specimen belong to?

Answer 87

Class Demospongiae Phylum Porifera