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Animal Diversity Lab > Lab 3 - Cnidaria and Ctenephora > Flashcards

Lab 3 - Cnidaria and Ctenephora Flashcards

1
Q

what specialized cells i cnidarians aid in capturing and subduing prey?

A

cnidocyte

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2
Q

How many embryonic layers does Cnidaria and Ctenophora have? What are they called?

A

two; endoderm and ecto derm

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3
Q

What is the term for a body that is derived from only two embryonic layers?

A

diploblastic

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4
Q

What is structure A? What is it for?

A

hydranth/gastrozooid
- it is used for feeding

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5
Q

What is structure B? What is it for?

A

gonangium/gonozooid
- it is for reproduction

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6
Q

What is F?

A

tentacles

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7
Q

what are E and A?

A

speta (septum singular)

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8
Q

what is B?

A

pedal disc

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9
Q

what is D?

A

pharynx

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10
Q

what modification do sea anemones possess to increase their digestive surface area?

A

septa

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11
Q

What tissue layer are cnidocytes located?

A

epidermis; because they are used for defense and prey capture

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12
Q

What is the organelle inside the cnidocyte called?

A

nematocyst

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13
Q

What causes the release of a nematocyst?

A

a trigger is stimulated, causing an increase in osmotic pressure within the cell, discharging the organelle

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14
Q

Do Hydra reproduce sexually or asexually?

A

both; through budding and fertilization

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15
Q

Obelia is solitary/colonial?

A

colonial

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16
Q

Hydra is solitary/colonial?

A

solitary

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17
Q

What characteristics can help you distinguish between hydrozoan and scyphozoan medusae?

A

Hydrozoan medusae generally have a muscular shelf, or velum, projecting inward from the margin of the bell
- velum is not found in scyphozoans

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18
Q

What is the structural equivalent of the chambers of a leuconoid sponge in Scyphozoa?

A

a branched gastrovascular cavity

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19
Q

What characteristics differentiate fire corals from true corals in class Anthozoa?

A

Fire corals are hydrozoans that have cnidocytes visible to the naked eye, whereas the cnidocytes of anthozoan corals are not visible to the naked eye

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20
Q

what characteristic of corals (anthozoans) is also found in Porifera?

A

filter feeding

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21
Q

What are some similarities between Cnidarians and Ctenophores? (5)

A

both are marine, diploblastic, with mesoglea, radial symmetry, and a branching GVC

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22
Q

what are some differences between Cnidarians and Ctenephores?

A
  • Ctenophores have colloblasts instead of cnidocytes
  • Cten. have eight “comb rows” of fused cilia
  • many Cnidarians are mostly sessile
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23
Q

If the phylogeny shown here is correct, what is the implication for the evolution of the diploblastic body in animals?

A

The diploblastic body evolved independently in Ctenophores and Cnidarians

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24
Q

What specialized cells in Cnidarians aid in capturing and subduing prey?

A

cnidocytes

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25
Q

What structure(s) would help you determine whether a polyp of Obelia is a hydranth (feeding polyp) or a gonangium (reproductive polyp)?

A

tentacles; hydranths have them while gonangia do not

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26
Q

How many embryonic layers does this organism have? What are they?

A

two; endoderm and ectoderm

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27
Q

What phylum does this belong to? What is the specimen?

A

Ctenophore - “comb jelly”

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28
Q

What specimen is the following?

A

Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa, “sea pansy”

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29
Q

What are the following specimen?

A

Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa, aka stony corals

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30
Q

What is the following specimen?

A

Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa, organ pipe coral

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31
Q

What is the following specimen?

A

Aurelia- Phylum Cnidaria, Class Scyphozoa

32
Q

What is the following specimen?

A

Phylum Cnidaria, Class Scyphozoa, cannonball jellyfish

33
Q

What is the following specimen?

A

portuguese man-of-war, colonial; Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa

34
Q

What is the following specimen?

A

Phylum Cnidaria, Class Hydrozoa

35
Q

Label A-C

A

A: transverse plane
B: sagittal plane
C: frontal plane

36
Q

Label D-F

A

D: dorsal
E: ventral
F: anterior

37
Q

Label G-I

A

G: posterior
H: proximal
I: distal

38
Q

Label J and K

A

J: medial
K: lateral

39
Q

dimorphic

A

displays two different body forms

40
Q

medusa body form (3)

A

it is mobile, planktonic, and pelagic

41
Q

planktonic

A

in the water column with movements subject to ocean currents

42
Q

pelagic

A

living in the open ocean

43
Q

medusa: oral surface

A

the side of the body contains the mouth/anus

44
Q

medusa: aboral surface

A

the surface opposite to the mouth

45
Q

What form is dominant in Class Hydrozoa?

A

the polyp but many have a medusa at some point

46
Q

Hydrozoan medusae are unique in that…

A

they have very little mesoglea between their tissue layers

47
Q

Hydra (Class Hydrozoa) is odd because… (2)

A
  • lives in freshwater
  • has no medusae
48
Q

polymorphic

A

at least two body types

49
Q

hydranth/gastrozooid

A

polyps with tentacles and have a feeding function

50
Q

gonozooids/gonangia

A

polys with the function of asexual reproduction

51
Q

the Portuguese Man-Of-War is a…

A

polymorphic colony of many individual polyps modified for various functions

51
Q

what class of Cnidarians do we generally think of as ‘jellyfish’?

A

Class Scyphozoa

52
Q

Class Scyphozoa medusae have more…

A

mesoglea, giving a plumper appearance

53
Q

Class Scyphozoa life cycle

A
  1. male and female medusae reproduce asexually through gametes
  2. the zygote develops into a planula larva (free-swimming)
  3. planula larva settles onto a substrate and develops into a scyphistoma
  4. the scyphistoma polyp develops into a strobila, which asexually reproduces ephyrae
54
Q

scyphistoma

A

a Scyphozoan polyp that develops after a planula larva

55
Q

strobila

A

a Scyphozoan poly that asexually reproduces “stacks” of mini meducase known as ephyrae

56
Q

ephyrae

A

mini juvenile medusae

57
Q
A

A

58
Q

What Classes can be found within Phylum Cnidaria? (4)

A

Classes
- Cubozoa
- Hydrozoa
- Scyphozoa
- Anthozoa

59
Q

How many tentacles does Class Cubozoa have?

A

four, one for each ‘corner’

60
Q

What class has medusae that are relatively quick swimmers and are active hunters?

A

Class Cubozoa

61
Q

what class of Cnidarians has fairly well-developed vision?

A

Class Cubozoa

62
Q

Where can you find members of Class Cubozoa?

A

widespread in warm oceans

63
Q

Where can you find members of class Anthozoa?

A

exclusively marine

64
Q

What body formes does Class Anthozoa exhibit?

A

only polyp

65
Q

Are members of Class Anthozoa solitary or colonial? (3)

A
  • solitary polyps
  • colony of similar looking polyps
  • colony of polymorphic polyps
66
Q
A

D, B, A, C

67
Q

Which Phylum is also called the ‘comb jellies’?

A

Ctenophora

68
Q

What does Phylum Ctenophora use for movement?

A

eight rows of cilia called ctenes

69
Q

What do members of Phylum Ctenophora use to capture prey?

A

colloblast cells

70
Q

colloblast cells

A

secrete a sticky mucus to trap food in members of Ctenophora

71
Q

What kind of nervous system do Phylum Cnidaria and Ctenophora use?

A

nerve net

72
Q

Class Hydrozoa: forms

A

polyp is dominant but possess a medusa at some point

73
Q

Class Scyphozoa: forms

A

medusa is dominant but possess a poly at some point

74
Q

Class Cubozoa: forms

A

medusa is dominant bus possess a poly at some point

75
Q

Class Anthozoa: forms

A

polyp only

76
Q

Label this figure of a Scyphozoan life cycle.

A

A: planula
B: scyphistoma
C: stobila
D: ephyra

Animal Diversity Lab (11 decks)

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