- ectoparasites of fish - single host Platyhelminthese

- flukes - endoparasites - lack locomotion and sensory adaptations - oral sucker for feeding - ventral sucker for attachment

- tapeworms - endoparasites - scolex (head) - rostellum (w/ suckers) - strobila (body) with proglottids Platyhelminthese

Lab 4 - Platyhelminthes Flashcards by Sierra Heflin

What phyla, classes, subclasses, etc, do you need to know for Platyhelminthes?

Phylum Platyhelminthes, Classes Tricladida, Trematoda, and Cestoda

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What level is the basic body plan of Platyhelminthes organized?

both tissue and organ levels

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What characteristics are found during the formation of the blastula? (3)

Phylum Platyhelmenthies

triploblastic, protostome, and acoelomate

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What type of symmetry is found in Platyhelminthes?

bilateral

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What kind of skeleton/support does Platyhelminthes have?

hydrostatic skeleton

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What structures are used to help move Platyhelminthes? (4)

cilia, glides with muscles, longitudinal and circular muscles, a hydrostatic skeleton

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Describe the nervous system for Platyhelminthes. (5)

ocelli
cerebral ganglia
ventral nerve cord
cephalization
auricles

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Describe the circulatory system for Platyhelminthes

diffusion

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Describe the digestive process for Platyhelminthes. (4)

incomplete gut
predators
endoparasites
ectoparasites

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How does Platyhelminthes eliminate waste from their systems? (2)

diffusion and protonephridia

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Describe the types of reproduction in Platyhelminthes (4)

sexual and asexual
both monoecious and dioecious
penis fencing
external and internal fertilization

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How does Platyhelminthes respire?

diffusion

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Class Polycladida (4)

polyclad flatworms
almost call marine
some are brightly colored and toxic
all free living

Platyhelminthes

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Class Tricladida (5)

free living flatworms (Planaria)
- digestive tract has three branches
- both marine and fresh water
- free living carnivores
- ocelli

Platyhelminthese

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Class Monogenea (2)

ectoparasites of fish
single host

Platyhelminthese

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auricle

chemosensory organ that detects dissolved chemicals

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pharynx

tubular, muscular extension of the GVC used for ingesting food

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acoelomate

animals whose central space is filled with tissue, lacking a body cavity

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Which feature of Dugesia suggest adaptation to a free-living lifestyle?

cephalization and lack of hooks, suckers, or other structures for attaching to a host

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What is a reason for the pharynx of Dugesia being centrally located on the body?

The central location on the body permits uniform delivery of nutrients to all portions of the body since they don’t have a circulatory system

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Why is the GVC in flatworms for extensively branched?

Extensive branching increases digestive surface area of the GVC and increases the efficiency of the process, and the delivery of nutrients

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Class Trematoda (5)

flukes
endoparasites
lack locomotion and sensory adaptations
oral sucker for feeding
ventral sucker for attachment

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Class Cestoda

tapeworms
endoparasites
scolex (head)
rostellum (w/ suckers)
strobila (body) with proglottids

Platyhelminthese

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What features of trematodes suggest adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle? (4)

hermaphroditism
extensive reproductive organs
reduced digestive system
ability to self fertilize

T/F: One reason for parasitic flatworms have a reduced digestive system is because parasites feed on body fluids that are already digested and thus absorb nutrients directly.

true

Why are so many resources put towards reproduction in parasitic flatworms? (2)

there are lower chances of meeting a mate and offspring generally have extremely low survival rates due to their complex life cycles

Why is there an entire reproductive system in each proglottid?

repetition of proglottids allows each to reproduce independently and maximize the overall reproductive output of the tapeworm

What defensive provisions do flukes possess for protection against the digestive enzymes of their hosts?

a cuticle which is resistant to digestive enzymes of its hosts

What adaptations have allowed members of Cestoda to be successful endoparasites?

eggs are extremely resistant to pH extremes, temperature, and moisture, thus enhancing their ability to survive

What phylum and class does this specimen belong?

Platyhelminthes and Trematoda

What is structure A, and what is its function?

Ovary, reproduction

What is structure B, and what is its function?

oral sucker, for feeding

What is structure C, what is its function?

yolk glands; ????

Which letter corresponds to the epidermis?

Which letter corresponds to the parenchyma?

Which letter corresponds to the gastrodermis?

What is the structure D, and its function?

pharynx, feeding

What is structure E, and its function?