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a&p lab > lab 14 > Flashcards

lab 14 Flashcards

1
Q

what are accessory organs of the digestive tract?

A

teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

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2
Q

what is the order food moves thru the digestive tract?

A

mouth
pharynx (oro, laryngo)
esophagus
stomach
SI (duodenum, jujenum, ileum)
LI (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid)
rectum
anus

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3
Q

what are the layers of the digestive wall starting deep

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

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4
Q

what fluid is produced by peritoneum?

A

serous fluid

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5
Q

what are mesentreries?

A

membranes in the dig tract that hold organs in place and contain blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves.

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6
Q

what is the greater omentum?

A

extends from the inderior curve of the stomach over intestines.

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7
Q

what is the lesser omentum?

A

joins superior curve of stomach with the liver

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8
Q

what is the mucosa and submucosa layers?

A

m-lines lumen
s- CT that has blood vessels and nerves

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9
Q

what is the muscularis and serosa layers?

A

m- 2 layers of smooth musc in dig organs, in stomach has 3 so it can churn food.
s- secretes serous fluid to prevent friction as organs move.

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10
Q

what covers the muscularis layer in the esophagus?

A

adventitia
a fibrous CT
has this bc it doesnt have peritoneum and it allows it to be succured

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11
Q

what epithelium is the mucosa of the esophagus? what is its purpose?

A

nonkeritanized stratified squamous epithelium
prevents foreign substances from getting in

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12
Q

what epithelium is the mucosa of the stomach? what is its purpose?

A

simple columnar epithelium
lubricate food masses and allow movement thru the stomach. it also provides a protection for the stomach wall from the digestive acids in the stomach

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13
Q

what epithelium is the mucosa of the small intestine? what is its purpose?

A

simple columnar epithelium
produces mucus to prevent food from scratching and absorbs nutrients

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14
Q

what epithelium is the mucosa of the large intestine? what is its purpose?

A

simple columnar epithelium
absorbs nutrients

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15
Q

what is the dental formula for a baby?

A

I 2/2
C 1/1
P 0/0
M 2/2

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16
Q

what is the dental formula for an adult?

A

I 2/2
C 1/1
P 2/2
M 3/3

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17
Q

what are the 4 types of teeth?

A

incisors
canines
premolars
molars

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18
Q

what is the job of each type of tooth

A

I- cut and shred food
C- tearing food
P- crushing, cracking food
M- grind food into fine pieces

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19
Q

what are deciduous teeth? permanent?

A

primary or baby teeth
secondary (adult) teeth

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20
Q

how many teeth in deciduous?

A

20

21
Q

how many teeth in total do adults have? in each jaw?

A

32
16

22
Q

what is the exposed part of the tooth? embedded part?

A

crown
root

23
Q

what is the role of the liver?

A

production and secretion of bile
filters blood
breaks down drugs and alc

24
Q

what is the role of the pancreas?

A

has exocrine and endocrine glands.
exo- most of the organ, produces pancreatic juices containing digestive enzymes.
edo- has cells called islets of langerhans that release hormones into blood

25
Q

whats the roles of the pharynx and esphagus?

A

p- moves food into espoh
e- moves food to stomach

26
Q

what is the function of the stomach?

A

begins chem digestion
temp storage of food
churns food w dig enzymes to break down food

27
Q

what is the function of the SI and LI?

A

s- absorption of nutrients
l-absorption of water

28
Q

what is visceral and parietal peritoneum?

A

v- covers the organs
p- lines abdominopelvic cavity

29
Q

whats the major movement in the dig tract

A

peristalsis- contracting behind food to move it forward

30
Q

what is segmentaion?

A

contracting in backward or forward movement to help break down chyme

31
Q

in carbohydrate digestion, why does benedicts turn the soultion orange when mixed w starch and saliva?

A

there is chemical digestion of sugar and the amalyze in saliva is able to break it down turning the solution orange

32
Q

what happened when you mixed iodine with starch? what happened when you added saliva?

A

starch- the iodine and starch bind making it dark blue
saliva- the starch was digested by saliva so the iodine could not bind, turning it yellow

33
Q

in protein dig, when fibrin, pepsin, and hydrochloric acids were mixed, was there any digestion?

A

protein (fibrin) was digested by pepsin, which was only able to work because it needs an acidic environment which was provided by the hydro acid

34
Q

why is there no digestion when you mix fibrin, pepsin, and water?

A

the pH was too high

35
Q

what digests proteins?

A

pepsin, an enzyme secreted by pepsinogen

36
Q

what happens when you mix limus cream(lipid), bile salts, and pancreatic lipase?

A

lipase digests the lipid and bile salt emulsifies it

37
Q

what happens when you mix limus cream(lipid), bile salts, and water?

A

theres no digestion bc there is no enzyme to chemically digest it and theres no pH change

38
Q

what happens when you mix limus cream(lipid), water, and pancreatic lipase?

A

theres no digestion because without bile salts you cannot fully digest fats

39
Q

what does epinephrine do to smooth musc activity? what nerv sys?

A

decreases
sympathetic nerv sys

40
Q

what does acetylcholine do to smooth musc activity? what nerv sys?

A

increases
parasympathetic nerv sys

41
Q

where does lipid digestion occur

A

small intestine

42
Q

where does mechanical dig start?

A

mouth by chewing/mastification

43
Q

in what chemical forms are carbs, proteins, and lipids absorbed from

A

c- monosaccharides
p- amino acids
l- cholesterol and triglycerides

44
Q

appendicitis

A

immflamation of appendix caused by infection

45
Q

gallstones

A

hard pebble like pieces of cholesterol from gallbladder

46
Q

heart burn

A

discomfort from acids moving into esophagus

47
Q

chrons disease

A

immflamtion of dig tract

48
Q
A

a&p lab (16 decks)

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