lab 6

Question 1

what is a tissue?

Answer 1

groups of similar cells that preform a common function.

Question 2

what are the 4 tissue types?

Answer 2

epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective tissue

Question 3

what is histology?

Answer 3

the microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope

Question 4

what are the 3 primary germ layers?

Answer 4

ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. they give rise to different tissues.

Question 5

what is the ectoderm?

Answer 5

outer layer that gives rise to the outer most layer of skin and the nervous system.

Question 6

what is the mesoderm?

Answer 6

gives rise to mesenchyme (gelatinous tissue) which in turn gives rise to muscle, blood vessels and CT.

Question 7

what is the endoderm

Answer 7

gives rise to the mucous membranes in digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts.

Question 8

what is epithelial tissue?

Answer 8

forms barriers between things like skin and digestive organs, covers the body (epidermis), lines body cavities, forms glands

Question 9

what is connective tissue?

Answer 9

supports, protects, and binds tissues or organs together, includes CT proper, cartilage, bone, and blood

Question 10

what is muscle tissue

Answer 10

contractile tissue to cause movement, lines walls of hollow organs

Question 11

what is nervous tissue?

Answer 11

found in brain, spinal chord, and nerves. initiates and conducts electrochemical impulses.

Question 12

what is the two criteria used to classify epithelial tissue?

Answer 12

simple, single layer of cells
stratified, several layers of cells that is classified based on apical layer

Question 13

what is the apical surface?

Answer 13

free surface (top)

Question 14

what is the basal surface?

Answer 14

bottom surface, closest to basement membrane

Question 15

what is squamous cells?

Answer 15

flat cells, scale like. does diffusion. lines the heart and blood vessels

Question 16

what are cuboidal cells?

Answer 16

shaped like cube nucleus in middle, secreate and absorbs. found thyroid glands

Question 17

what are columnar cells?

Answer 17

tall and column shaped, with nucleus at the bottom of cell for protection. absorption and secretion. found lining the stomach and intestines

Question 18

what are pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 18

single layer of columnar cells that vary in shape and height and all contact basement mem. found in nasal cavities. can have cilia and contain goblet cells for protection

Question 19

what is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 19

several layers of cells, at apical layer is squamous. the basement layer of cells are mitotic and constantly replace the apical layer. keratinized is found in the skin, for protection in dry area. the keratin protects the cells from heat and damage.

Question 20

what is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 20

forms linings are vagina, anus, and pharynx. provide protection and serve as a lining or covering for moist internal cavities of the body

Question 21

what is transitional epithelium?

Answer 21

found in the bladder, allows for cells to slide over each other to expand and contract. at resting, multiple layers of cuboidal cells, as urinary fills cells become flat as they slide. allows for urunary to accomidate pressure changes without rupturing the organ.

Question 22

what is merocrine?

Answer 22

release fluid products by exocytosis. seen in salivary glands and sweat glands.

Question 23

what is apocrine?

Answer 23

glands that pinch off portions of the cell as part od secretion, found in mammary glands

Question 24

what is holocrine?

Answer 24

when the whole cell fills with secretion and bursts, sebaceous glands in hair.

Question 25

what are the 3 structural features common to all connective tissue?

Answer 25

cells, protein fibres, and ground substance.

Question 26

what do fibres and ground substance do?

Answer 26

togther they form the extracellular matrix of CT

Question 27

what do cells in CT do?

Answer 27

creates diversity in CT

Question 28

where is areolar found?

Answer 28

supports and binds, aka lose CT, found all over body, attaches skin to underlying tissue and fill spcaes between organs to hold them in place.

Question 29

where is reticular CT found?

Answer 29

filtration.found in liver, spleen, and bone marrow. has reticular fibre.

Question 30

where is adipose tissue found?

Answer 30

synthesis and storage of lipids, provides insulation and protection. nucleus near edge, and lots of fat droplets. found under the skin and around the heart and eyeballs.

Question 31

where is dense reg CT found?

Answer 31

composes tendons and ligaments. has tightly packed collagen fibres all going in the same direction.

Question 32

where is dense irreg CT found?

Answer 32

collagen fibres are thicker and go in all diff directions. found in the dermis, kidney, and muscles. allows for things to stretch.

Question 33

hyaline cartillage

Answer 33

most common. found at ends of long bones and nose. provides support where flexibility is needed.

Question 34

elastic cartillage.

Answer 34

has elastic fibres. extremely flexible, found in places that need strength and stretch like external ear and epiglottis.

Question 35

fibrocartillage

Answer 35

lacks perichondrium. supports and withstands heavy pressure, found in the knee and vertebral discs.

Question 36

what characteristic of bone is provided by the inorganic salts vs. the organic materials?

Answer 36

inorganic- responsible for the hardness and resistance. organic- responsible for strength and flexibility

Question 37

what are the organic compounds of bone?

Answer 37

osteoid, collagen fibres and ground substance. secreted by osteoblasts.

Question 38

what are the inorganic compounds of bone?

Answer 38

hydroxyapatite, aka mineral salts. consists of tiny calcium phosphate crystals in and around collagen fibres.