lab 2

Question 1

what is an organic compound?

Answer 1

contains carbon, large, and covalently bonded. ex: carbs, lipids, protiens, and nucleic acids

Question 2

what is an inorganic compound?

Answer 2

do not contain carbon, simple, ex: water, salts, acids, and bases

Question 3

what is pH scale?

Answer 3

measurement of the concentration of H in a solution

Question 4

what is acidic?

Answer 4

more H, 0-6

Question 5

what is neutral?

Answer 5

equal # of hydrogen (H) and hydroxide (OH)

Question 6

what is basic?

Answer 6

less H, 8-14

Question 7

what colour is neutral red in a basic solution?

Answer 7

yellow/orange

Question 8

what colour is neutral red in an acidic solution?

Answer 8

pink/red/purple

Question 9

what colour is neutral red in a neutral solution?

Answer 9

light red

Question 10

what is the role of buffers?

Answer 10

buffers neutralize or convert strong acids or bases into weak ones

Question 11

what is iodine searching for? how does it react?

Answer 11

iodine searches for polysaccharides, turns starch from cloudy clear yellowish colour, to a dark blue

Question 12

what is benedicts reagent searching for? how does it react?

Answer 12

benedicts is searching for monos (simple sugars) and turns glucose from a blue colour to a orange/red colour

Question 13

how can you detect lipids in water vs ethanol?

Answer 13

water is polar, lipids are non polar. lipids will not dissolve into the water and can still be detected. ethanol is nonpolar, therefor the lipids can dissolve

Question 14

why are dish soaps good for removing grease stains?

Answer 14

dish soap has both hydrophillic (head) and hydrophobic (tail) ends. because it is both of these, a soap molecule can dissolve in water as well as dissolve fats. fats are attracted to nonpolar end while polar end allows for the whole thing to be dissolved by water

Question 15

what is biuret reagent searching for? how does it react?

Answer 15

biuret is looking for proteins (albumin) and turns it from a clear solution to a purple colour

Question 16

centrosome

Answer 16

when cell divides, centrosome moves to opp ends of cell and organizes microtubules in cell division. made of two centrioles and proteins

Question 17

chromatin

Answer 17

within nucleus, packages long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures

Question 18

chromosome

Answer 18

composed of DNA and proteins

Question 19

cell/plasma membrane

Answer 19

barrier that surrounds and contains cytoplasm of cell. separates cells internal environment from external and controls what can enter and exit a cell through selectively permeable membrane

Question 20

cillia

Answer 20

uses sweeping whip like motion to move fluid around the cell, or propel the cell through the fluid

Question 21

cytoplasm

Answer 21

consists of cytosol(fluid made of mostly water), internal material between the cell
membrane and nucleus, maintains environment for organelles in cell

Question 22

rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 22

produces proteins for cell to function. (covered in ribosomes)

Question 23

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 23

synthesis of lipids which are a component of plasma membrane, production of steroids, and metabolize carbohydrates

Question 24

golgi apparatus

Answer 24

series of stacked, flat membranous sacs that are curved. modification, tagging, packaging, and transport of proteins and lipids

Question 25

lysosome

Answer 25

contains digestive enzymes. digest particles from endocytosis, degrade old organelles and non useable tissue. also preforms glycogenolysis

Question 26

mitochondria

Answer 26

double membrane organelle that, generates most cellular energy by breaking down food molecules and transferring energy to phosphate bonds.

Question 27

nuclear membrane

Answer 27

membrane that surrounds the nucleus; consisting of a double lipid-bilayer

Question 28

nuclear pore

Answer 28

protein-lined openings found scattered throughout the nuclear envelope, where things move in and out of nucleus

Question 29

nucleolus

Answer 29

small region of the nucleus that functions in ribosome synthesis

Question 30

nucleus

Answer 30

cell’s central organelle; contains the cell’s DNA

Question 31

ribosome

Answer 31

functions in protein synthesis. consists of proteins and rRNA

Question 32

centriole

Answer 32

small open ended barrel shaped organelle that form base of flagella and cillia

Question 33

what organelles are not membrane bound?

Answer 33

ribosomes, cytoskeleton, and centrioles