Lab 2 Flashcards
observable trait in an organism
character
an example of an organ or bone that appears in different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor. In other words, it’s when very different animals have bones that appear very similar in form or function and seem to be related.
homologous structures
similarity of function and superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins. For example, the wings of a fly, a moth, and a bird are this because they developed independently as adaptations to a common function—flying.
analogous strucrtures
a new or descendent character state
apomorphy
shared derived character
Synapomorphy
infer phylogenetic relationships
Synapomorphies
Principle of Parsimony
Occam’s Razor
the principle that the simplest explanation that can explain the data is to be preferred
parsimony
uppose there exist two explanations for an occurrence. In this case the simpler one is usually better. Another way of saying it is that the more assumptions you have to make, the more unlikely an explanation is.
occam’s razor
The tetrapod body plan is an example of
homologous character
bird and bat wings are examples of
analogous characters
Analogous characters are the result
convergent evolution
Cyanobacteria
monera
anabena
cyanobacteria, monera
bacteria
monera
bacillus
bacteria, monera
Archaebacteria
monera
Methanobacterium
archaebacteria, monera
Halanaerobium
archaebacteria, monera
Ascomycota
fungi
Morel
Morchella
ascomycota, fungi
Basidiomycota
fungi
Amanita
basidiomycota, fungi
Rhizopoda
protista
