Lab 8 Flashcards
1
Q
In most animals digestion is
A
Extracellulr
2
Q
4 main tissue types
A
Epithelium, connective, muscular, nervous
3
Q
Covers body surfaces, lines cavities, forms glands
A
Epithelium
4
Q
Joins and holds tissues together; supports and protects the body and its organs
A
Connective
5
Q
Movement
A
Muscular
6
Q
Receives stimuli and generates nerve impulses
A
Nervous
7
Q
Shortening of muscles causes
A
Movement
8
Q
Most common cell type in humans
A
Squamous stratified
9
Q
More than one layer
A
Stratified
10
Q
1 layer
A
Simple
11
Q
Flat and thin, scale
Shaped
A
Squamous
12
Q
Square shaped
A
Cubodial
13
Q
Rectangle shaped
A
Columnar
14
Q
Max exchange, least protective
A
Simple squamos
15
Q
Look like fried eggs, different shapes, packed tight
A
Simple squamos
16
Q
Ex: in alveoli
A
Simple squamos
17
Q
Ex: lines intestines
A
Simple
Columnar
18
Q
Smallest in body that uses mucus, white empty space
A
Goblet cells
19
Q
Developing cells
A
Blast
20
Q
Mature cells
A
Cyste
21
Q
Breaking down cells
A
Class
22
Q
Osteo
A
Bone
23
Q
Widely scattered matrix
A
Connective tissue
24
Q
Stretchy
A
Elastin
25
Hair like
Elastin
26
Ropy
Collagen
27
Fat cells
Adipose
28
Looks like chicken wire
Adipose
29
Energy storage, insulation, shock absorption
Adipose
30
Fond in tendons and ligaments
Dense regular (fibrous)- collegen
31
Found on end of bone on joints, frictionless
Hyaline cartilage
32
Most abundant cartilage in the body
Hyaline cartilage
33
Circular patterns
Compact bone
34
Opening in compact bone function
Central canal brings blood and nutrients through the bone
35
Each layer in compact bone
Lamela
36
Blood is a type of
Connective tissue
37
Blood matrix
Plasma
38
90% water, yellow
Plasma
39
Arithmocytes
Red blood cell
40
Carry oxygen
Hemoglobin
41
White blood cells
Leukocytes
42
Attached to bones, voluntary
Skeletal
43
Help digestive
Smooth
44
Found only in heart
Cardiac
45
Uninucelsus, striations, intercalated discs
Cardiac
46
Parts of neurons
Axon, cell body, dendrites
47
Lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers
Prosimians
48
Monkeys, apes, hominins
Simians
49
Wet noses primates; lemur and lorisoid prosimians
Strepsirrhini
50
Dry noses primates; tarsiers and simians
Haplorhini
51
Madagascar; tooth comb
Lemur
52
Central and South America; prehensile tails; trichromatic color vision
Alouatta, howler monkey
53
Central Africa, largest primate, knuckleballers, silverback makes
Gorillas
54
Northern South Africa, prehensile tails
Lagothrix, woolly monkey
55
S Asia to n Africa
Macaca, macaque
56
W and central Africa, knucklewalkers
Pan, chimpanzee
57
Indonesia, Malaysia, fist walkers, males have cheek flaps
Pongo, orangutan
58
Teeth parallel to table top
Shallow
59
Foramen
Hole
60
Mental
Chin
61
Cells of similar structure and function make up
Tissue
62
Group of tissues integrated to form an
Organ
63
Organized through the interaction of several organs in the performance of a defined function
Organ system
64
Several organ systems
Organism
65
Covers all body surfaces internally and externally. Formed tight together to form a continuous barrier; protection, absorption, sensation, secretion
Epithelial
66
Epithelial tissue can be
squamos, cubodial, columnar
67
Covering of the ovaries, ducts of glands; functions in both absorption and secretion
Simple cubodial epithelium
68
Lines digestive tract; secretion, absorption, protection.
Simple columnar epithelium
69
Found in simple columnar epithelium, clear case dshaoed interior; unicellular glands and secrete mucus onto the epithelial surface to lubricate and promote the movement of materials
Goblet cells
70
Found In areas subject to abrasion and friction
Stratified epithelium
71
Found in lining of mouth and esophagus
Stratified squamos
72
Characterized by having a relatively small number of cells associated with large amounts of intercellular material
Connective tissue
73
Secreted by the cells of connective tissue and imparts many of the characteristics of particular connective tissue
Intercellular matrix
74
May be a solid, gel, or liquid plus protein fibers. Varies with the type of connective tissue.
Ground substance
75
Chondro
Cartilage
76
One of the most abundant tissues in the body. Composed of variety of cells such as macrophages and mast cells, types of white blood cells in the immune system. All three types of fiber are present. Loose connective tissue. Found in membranes that line cavities an hold skin to underlying muscle tissue
Areolar tissue
77
Connective tissue cell
Fibrocyte
78
Store lipids in large vesicles
Adipocytes
79
arrangement of fibers are parallel
regular
80
arrangement of fibers are random
irregular
81
intersereced among the fibers
fibrocytes
82
this type of dense fibrous connective tissue with collagen fibers is very strong and makes up tendons and ligaments
regular
83
connects muscle ot bone
tendon
84
connecting bone to bone
ligaments
85
this type of dense fibrous connective tissue forms ht esecond layer of the ksin, covering for muscles and organs
irregualr
86
supportive connective tissue with a rubbery matrix
cartilage
87
isolated in cavities called lacunae in the intercellular matrix
chondrocytes
88
most common type of cartilage that covers the end of bone at joints
hyaline cartilage
89
matrix is filled with collagen fibers and has smooth, milky appearange
htaline cartilage
90
support and protection with a matrix hardened by deposits of calcium phosphate
bone
91
functions as a site of blood formation and the matrix of bone is a resevoir for minerals such as calcium a nd phosporous that the body can draw on for physiological processes usch as nerve transmission and blood clotting
bone marrow
92
two types of bones
compact and cancellous (spongy)
93
cancellous bone is found
at the ends
94
compact bone is found
shaft
95
the basic unit in ground bone
osteon
96
concentric layers in osteon
lamellae
97
consists of concentric layers of matrix arranged around a central canal
osteon
98
delivers blood with nutrients and oxygen to the bone cells
central canal
99
bone cells
osteocytes
100
located in lacunae
osteocytes
101
tinyt channels through the matrix that allow cytoplasmic processes on the osteocytes to connect with aeach other even though they are seemingly separated in lacunae
canaliculi
102
storage, transport, immunity
blood
103
blood is consisted of these cells
formed elements and liquid matrix of yellow plasma
104
55 percent of blood is
plasma
105
is 92 percent water and contains proteins, plus 1 percent of nutrients, gases, electrolytes, hormones, enzymes, and waste material
plasma
106
red blood cells
erthrocytes
107
most numerous of all blood cells and functioin int he transport of oxygen
erthrocytes
108
blood is red due to
hemoglobin
109
shape of red blood cells is
biconcave disc
110
white blood cells
leukocytes
111
function in athe defense against disease
leukocytes
112
containing numerous granules in the cytoplasm
granulocytes
113
lacking noticeable cytoplasmic granules
agranulocytes
114
2-5 lobed purple nucleus with thin strands connecting each lobe; granulocytes; cytoplasm is filled with pink-stained granules; most numerou sleukocyte found in normal blood
neutrophil
115
a bilobed purple nucleus and numerous red-stained granules in the cytoplasm
eosinphil
116
characterized by a purple bi-lobed nucleus which is almost hidden by the presense of many, large blue stained cytoplasmic granules
basohils
117
two types of agranulocytes
monocytes and lymphocytes
118
second most common type of leukocyte
lymphocytes
119
slightly larger than an erthrocyte and are nucleated witha large nucleus filling up most of the cytoplasm; produce antibodies, immune proteins
lymphocytes
120
2-3 times larger than an erythrocyte with a nucleus which varies from round to kidney shaped
monocytes
121
movement results from contractioin of these cells
muscle tissue
122
these are very long and narrow cells and are referred to as fibers
muscle cells
123
three types of muscles
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
124
large, long multinucleate rods; nuclei are oval shaped and can be found along the periphery of the fibers
sksletals
125
striated because the cells whow alternating dark and light bands as a result of the configuration of contractile proteins within the fiber; fibers are parellel to each other
skeletal muscle
126
capable of acting quickly with considerable force over a short period of time; volunatary; attatched to bones
skeletal muscle
127
tissue found only in the vertebrate heart where it function sto supply the pumping action of the heart
cardiac muscle
128
uninucleate, involuntary, striated; capable of initiaing itw own rhythmic contractions; joined to each other by darker cross bands, actually gap junctions
cardiac muscle
129
gap junctions joined together by darker bands
intercalated disks
130
Short, spindle shapes (thick in middle and taperin ends) and uninucleate; lacks striations
Smooth muscle
131
Visceral muscle
Smooth
132
Performs functions like peristalsis and vasoconstriction; slow acting; involuntary
Smooth
133
Highly specialized; when stimulated, it is capable of transmitting a signal or impulse form one cell to another or to a muscle or gland
Nervous tissue
134
Single nerve cell
Neuron
135
Each neuron is consisted of
Cell ody, dendrites, and axons
136
Carry the nerve impulse toward the cell body
Dendrites
137
Carry the impulses away from the cell body
Axon
138
Nerve fibers
Axons
139
Can have more than one dendrite but only one axon; dendrites are shorter
Neuron
140
Neurons carrying impulses from the sense organs to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are referred to as
Sensory neurons
141
Those conducting impulses toward the muscles and other effector organs are
Motor neurons
142
Usually restricted to the central nervous system, and conduct impulses between sensory and motor neurons
Association neurons
143
Collection of neurons
Nerve
144
max exchange
thin squamos
145
max protection
thick columnar
146
nucleus at ends
columnar
147
look at (x) for shape
top
148
anything long and thin is
fibers
149
cells called fibroblasts, makes up membranes
areolar tissue
150
connective tissue cells
fibroblasts
151
enery, insulation, shock aborbance
adipose, adipocytes
152
little dark dots on osteons
caniculi
