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Lab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

hermaphrodites cannot

A

feritlize themselves with their sperm

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2
Q

muscles work against water

A

hydrostatic skelton

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3
Q

chemcials that exert effects upon the physiology of organisms

A

bioactive chemicals

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4
Q

organic compounds contaning rings of nitrogen and are alkane or basic in solution; bitter taste and end with -ine; often act upont he nervous system by mimicking the effects of neurotransmitters

A

alkaloids

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5
Q

natural chemicals of the nervous system

A

neurotransmitters

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6
Q

some are stimulants, other depressants, others halluciogen; ex: cocaine, morphine, nicotine, caffeine

A

alkaloids

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7
Q

many of the most usefull bioactive chemicals are

A

alkaloids

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8
Q

Belong to the largest group of plant chemicals and serve a variety of functions in plants; they are the principle ingredients in plant-derived perfumes, soaps, flavorings, dyes, and many medicines

A

Terpenes

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9
Q

Group of terpenees that have drawn the attention of researchers because they often are the active ingredient in many herbal preparations

A

Lactones

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10
Q

Defining characteristic is the presence of a sugar group but it is what is attached to the sugar that defines the biological activity

A

Glycosides

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11
Q

Glycosides may be classified as

A

Cyanogenic, cardioactive, or sapogenic

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12
Q

This type of glycosides release cyanide; plants containing this type of glycoside are usually considered poisonous rather than therapeutic

A

Cyanogenic

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13
Q

This type of glycosides affect the circulatory system, specifically the heart; depending on the dosage it can poison the heart by causing heart failure or act as a medicine to strengthen the heart

A

Carioactive

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14
Q

This type of clycosides have a steroidal component; steroids are physiologically important as many hormones are steroids; found in some plants have been precursors for creating synthetic hormones;

A

Sapogenic

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15
Q

Examples are salicin (base of aspirin) and the collective name for many principle ingredients in aloe vera

A

Glycosides

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16
Q

Segmented worms; body is organized into repeated rings or segments; found in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments

A

Annelid

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17
Q

Annelida with few bristles

A

Oligochaeta

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18
Q

Little bristles

A

Setae

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19
Q

Few

A

Oligo

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20
Q

Mudworm; found throughout north america at the edge of freshwater nods, lakes, and marshes; eat organic debris and microscopic algae

A

California blackworm

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21
Q

Blood is contained within blood vessels

A

Closed circulatory system

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22
Q

Along the backside

A

Dorsal

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23
Q

Acts as the heart, pumping in the blood through wave-like contractions of its muscular walls

A

Dorsal blood vessel

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24
Q

Blood is bright red in color due to the presence of

A

Hemoglobin-like pigment that transports oxygen

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25
Hemoglobin like pigment that transports oxygen
Erthrocuorin
26
In the mudworm the pigment is
Dissolved in the plasma
27
Never let monkeys eat bananas
Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte , eosinphil , basophil
28
Stomach
Ventral
29
Mudworms circulate by
Smooth muscle
30
Mudworms have the highest pulse rate in the (x) and the lwoest in the (x)
Tail, head
31
What makes blood look blue
Copper
32
Which animal did not have nucleated red blood cells
Humans
33
White blood cells are found in
Frogs and humans
34
Shape of human red blood cells
Biconcave disks
35
Giant Palouse earthworm (Driloleirus americanus), 3ft or more in length, white to light pink, odor of lillies, Burrows 15ft deep, WA, ID, OR grassland sites
endangered giant earthworm
36
Native Botrychium mormo fern threatened Lumbricus rubellus Remove upper layer of litter that fern needs
Invasive Earthworms from Europe & Asia
37
16 inches long and nearly an ounce More than twice the weight of any wild earthworm largest earthworm of great britain
dave
38
``` Segmented worms Oligochaetes - Few setae Hermaphrodites Circular& longitudinal muscle layers Hydrostatic skeleton Transparent cuticle Closed Circulation ```
annelida
39
-ine ending, Ring of carbon atoms containing N, 5000 known, Derived from amino acids, Bitter tasting, Affect the nervous system, Neurotransmitters, Cocaine, nicotine, ephedrine, morphine, codeine, Families high in alkaloids, Poppy, Dogbane, Tomato, Bean, Coffee, Barberry, Morning Glory
Secondary Plant Products -Alkaloids
40
Glycosides, Sugar group + active ingredient, Families: Dogbane, Lily, Milkweed, Buttercup Cyanogenic -Release HCN (hydrocyanic acid) -Ex. amygdalin from pits/seed of apricots, bitter almond, cherries, peaches, plums Sapogenic (saponins) -Purgative -Rhubarb, aloe, senna Cardioactive -Slow heartbeat -Foxglove, Lactones- Kava
terpenes
41
Blood away from heart
arteries
42
Connective (dense -> loose)
Tunica adventitia (externa)
43
Circular Smooth Muscle | Elastic & collagen fibers
Tunica media
44
Endothelium
Tunica intima (interna)
45
Nearest the heart Largest diameter/thickest walls More elastic than smooth muscles Highest bp
Elastic arteries
46
More smooth muscle Control blood flow Vasoconstriction/vasodilation Elastic connective in intima/media
Muscular arteries
47
Carry blood to the heart At rest, 54% of the blood resides in veins Larger diameter than arteries Thinner walls, more distensible
veins
48
Blood from capillaries | Endothelium + loose connective
Venules
49
Largest empty in heart Less smooth muscle & elastic tissue in tunica media Tunica adventitia is thicker Dense connective
Veins –S, M, L
50
Semilunar valves in 2mm diameter veins Skeletal muscle contractions Varicose veins Phlebitis
veins
51
2 million of these are produced per second in human bone marrow Short lived - 120 days
red blood cells, Erythrocytes
52
60-65% Pink granules 5-7 lobed nucleus First to fight infections
neutrophils
53
2- 4% Red granules Reduce inflammation Allergies, parasitic worms
eosinphils
54
0.5 – 1% Large dark blue granules Allergies
basophils
55
20- 35% | Produce antibodies
lymphocytes
56
3-8% Largest Phagocytic
monocytes
57
Agranulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
58
granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
59
relationship between SA/V and Mass
inverse
60
highest SA to V is the (x) mass
lowest
61
(x) animal gives off body heat faster
smaller
62
hair (x) by trapping air
insulates
63
what happens during hibernation
decrease in body temp and acitivty
64
the gullet is like the
cytopharynx
65
the food vacuole is like the
stomach
66
effect of ink on tetrahymena
the lower the better, impairs beating of cilia
67
effect of tobacco on tetrahymena
paralyzes cilia, greatest food vacuoles at lowest concentratoin
68
effect of theophylaine on tetrahymena
increases cilia action (used as asthma meds), mid range optinal, not linear
69
temp effect on tetra
room temp optimal, not linear, but tetra can tolerate most temps
70
higher metabolic needs have (x) circulation
closed
71
fav drugs are
alkaloids
72
can be high in
alkaloids and glycosides
73
chamomile effect
supposed to slow ehart, but on worms it sped it up, didn't support
74
caffeine effect
supports lit, increases heart, stimulate
75
ginger effect
support lit, did increase heart
76
valerian effect
didn't support lit, supposed to be depressant, but increased worm heart rate
77
turmeric effect
supposted to increase blood flow, supported lit
78
tobacco effect
mixed results, stimulat except at 1/2
79
hawthorn effect
supposed to be best of all for heart, supported lit

Biology Lab (12 decks)

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