Lab 4

Question 1

what are the ranges of micro pipettes?

Answer 1

P20 2microL -20microL
P200 20microL -200microL
P1000 100microL- 1000microL

Question 2

what are some micro pipetting techniques?

Answer 2

• Never set the volume beyond specified range on top of microscope
• Use the black volume-dial to set volume, never top white plunger
• Apply proper micropipette tip before aspiring liquids
• keep micropipette in vertical position when there is liquid in tip
• control plunger speed with thumb

Question 3

What is the role of Enzyme activity?

Answer 3

serve as a biological catalyst that decreases the amount of energy required to initiate a reaction, therefore reaction easily moderates temperature

Question 4

What is activation energy?

Answer 4

Energy required to convert a substrate into a product

Question 5

What are activation energy barriers?

Answer 5

prevent spontaneous reactions from happening very fast.

Question 6

few facts about enzymes

Answer 6

• most enzymes are proteins
• each different enzyme has a unique shape and catalyzes only one particular reaction
• enzymes can be denatured
• enzyme molecule released unchanged and can react with additional substrate molecules
• enzymes don’t change thermodynamic equilibrium, only increase rate to reach equilibrium.

Question 7

What are substrates?

Answer 7

molecules that are acted upon by enzymes to form the enzyme-substrate complex

Enzyme + substrate(s) ES complex Product(s) + Enzyme

Question 8

What is amylase?

Answer 8

an enzyme found in saliva. Begins the digestion of dietary starch and glycogen into simpler sugars such as disaccharide maltose and eventually the monosaccharide glucose.

Question 9

What is Trypsin?

Answer 9

an Enzyme made by the pancreas and released into the small intestine. There it acts on dietary proteins hydrolyzing them into short peptide fragments that are then broken down into free amino acids that can be absorbed by the intestine.

Question 10

What is BAPNA?

Answer 10

A synthetic substrate for trypsin

Question 11

What is Lipase?

Answer 11

an enzyme found in the small intestine. Work on dietary fats, hydrolyzing off free fatty acids from the glycerol backbone of the fat molecule. free fatty acids are then absorbed by intestinal cells.

Question 12

Where are bile salts and amphipathic molecules made?

Answer 12

made in the liver and have hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Question 13

what is the function of bile salts

Answer 13

Aid the body in lipid digestion, but they are not enzymes and have no catalytic activity. help breakup fats better.