Lab 5

Question 1

What are the 2 areas of interest in the urinary system

Answer 1

Kidneys and bladder

Question 2

Bladder

Answer 2

Stores urine till discharge (voiding)

Question 3

What are the 2 passageways connecting the 2 areas of the urinary system?

Answer 3

Ureter and urethra

Question 4

Ureter

Answer 4

Connect kidneys to bladder

Question 5

Urethra

Answer 5

Connect bladder to the external environment

Question 6

Adrenal glands

Answer 6

Sit on top of kidneys (technically not urinary system, but in close proximity)

Question 7

What are the 2 main layers of the kidney?

Answer 7

Adrenal cortex is outer layer; adrenal medulla is inner layer

Question 8

Renal medulla is made up of…

Answer 8

Made up of alternating renal pyramids (fane shaped) and renal columns (gaps between pyramids)

Question 9

The hilum is…

Answer 9

Area where renal blood vessels go in and out of kidney and ureter exits.

Question 10

What is a nephron and what composes it?

Answer 10

–>Functional units of kidney
Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

Question 11

What’s the branching order of the inward blood flow of the kidneys?

Answer 11

AA - renal artery – segmental artery – interlobar artery – arcuate artery – cortical radiate artery – afferent arteriole – glomerulus – efferent arteriole – peritubular capillaries.

Question 12

Segmental arteries branch off…

Answer 12

Segmental arteries are branching off renal artery.

Question 13

Segmental arteries divide into_____ that run through_____

Answer 13

Divide into interlobar arteries running through renal columns.

Question 14

Interlobar arteries divide into_____that run along_____

Answer 14

Divide to arcuate arteries run along border between renal cortex and renal medulla.

Question 15

Arcuate arteries divide into____that run out into____

Answer 15

Send branches called cortical radiate arteries out into renal cortex.

Question 16

______branches off_____ and leads into_____(exchange area)

Answer 16

Afferent arterioles branch off cortical radiate artery and leads into glomerulus (exchange area)

Question 17

______comes out of____ and divides into_____(another exchange area)

Answer 17

Efferent arteriole comes out of glomerulus and divides into peritubular capillaries (another exchange area)

Question 18

What are the 2 capillary (exchange) areas in the kidneys?

Answer 18

Kidneys have 2 capillary areas (most organs only 1): glomerulus and peritubular capillaries.

Question 19

Where is the glomerulus found and what vessel comes in and out of it?

Answer 19

Specialized capillary bed inside a glomerular capsule.
Arteriole going in and out.

Question 20

Where are the peritubular capillaries and what vessel comes in and out of it?

Answer 20

Capillary bed surrounding renal tubule.
Arteriole going in and venule coming out.

Question 21

What is the branching order of the outward blood flow from the kidneys?

Answer 21

Peritubular capillaries – cortical radiate vein – arcuate vein– interlobar vein – renal vein

Question 22

______start rejoining and lead into_______

Answer 22

Peritubular capillaries start rejoining and lead into a cortical radiate vein.

Question 23

_______out in the renal cortex lead into______running along____ and________

Answer 23

Cortical radiate veins out in renal cortex leads into arcuate vein running along renal cortex and renal medulla border.

Question 24

______lead into______that run through renal columns and rejoin together to form____

Answer 24

Arcuate veins lead into interlobar veins run through renal columns and join together to form renal vein.

Question 25

______leads out of the kidney into____, which leads back and re-enters the ________

Answer 25

Renal vein leads out of kidney into inferior vena cava. Inferior vena cava will lead back and re-enter heart at right atrium.

Question 26

The renal corpuscle is composed of

Answer 26

Glomerulus and glomerular capsule combined.

Question 27

What is the capsular space?

Answer 27

Fluid-filled cavity inside glomerular capsule with glomerulus protruding into it

Question 28

_______leads into glomerulus and_____leads out; whils the_____leads out of the glomerula capsule

Answer 28

Afferent arteriole leads into glomerulus and efferent arteriole leads out (afferent arteriole is larger radius than efferent arteriole) Renal tubule leads out of a glomerular capsule. 1st portion of renal tubule is proximal tubule.

Question 29

What is the structural order that the renal tubule follows?

Answer 29

Proximal tubule – descending loop of Henle – ascending loop of Henle – distal tubule – collecting duct - joins to papillae. Distal tubules from many nephrons join to a shared collecting duct.

Question 30

The juxtaglomerula apparatus is formed by...

Answer 30

Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa

Question 31

The juxtaglomerular cells are found in...

Answer 31

Wrapped around afferent arteriole.

Question 32

The macula densa cells are found in...

Answer 32

Renal tubule wall (where ascending loop of Henle changes to become distal tubule).

Question 33

The mesangial cells are found in...

Answer 33

In notch between where afferent arteriole enters and efferent arteriole exits glomerulus.

Question 34

Tublular lumen

Answer 34

Inside renal tubule.

Question 35

Tubular epithelial cell

Answer 35

Cells making up wall of renal tubule

Question 36

Tight junction

Answer 36

Connection point between adjacent tubular epithelial cells

Question 37

Interstitial fluid

Answer 37

Extracellular fluid surrounding renal tubule

Question 38

Blood vessel of the renal tubule

Answer 38

Peritubular capillaries

Question 39

Apical membrane

Answer 39

Wall between tubule lumen and inside tubular epithelial cell

Question 40

Basolateral membrane

Answer 40

Wall between inside tubular epithelial cell and interstitial fluid

Question 41

Once passed the papillae, the filtrate is expelled as...

Answer 41

Urine Papillae – porous membrane at end of collecting duct (base of a renal pyramid).

Question 42

Papillae

Answer 42

Porous membrane at end of collecting duct (base of a renal pyramid).

Question 43

What's the pathway the filtrate follows from the papillae?

Answer 43

Filtrate through papillae into minor calyx. Several minor calyx join to form major calyx. Several major calyx join to form renal pelvis. Renal pelvis tapers to form ureter.

Question 44

Ureteral orifices

Answer 44

Openings allowing urine to move from ureters into bladder.

Question 45

Detrusor muscle

Answer 45

Smooth muscle layer surrounding bladder.

Question 46

Internal urethral orifice

Answer 46

Opening from bladder into urethra.

Question 47

Internal urethral sphincter

Answer 47

Ring of smooth muscle at base of bladder where urethra begins

Question 48

External urethral orifice

Answer 48

Opening from urethra to external environment when voiding

Question 49

External urethral sphincter

Answer 49

Ring of skeletal muscle surrounding urethra