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Zool lab > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Lissamphibia

A

Clade that includes all amphibians

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2
Q

Three extant orders of Lissamphibia

A

Order Gymnophiona

Order Caudata

Order Anura

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3
Q

Paedomorphosis

A

Having larval characteristics in sexually mature individuals

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4
Q

Order Gymnophiona

Caecilians

A

Unique in complete lack of limbs

Reduced or absent eyes

Conspicuous annuli (rings) encircling the body over its entire length that give them a worm-like appearance

Smooth skein

Elongate body

No neck

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5
Q

Who displays Pedomorphosis

A

Salamanders

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6
Q

Neoteny

A

The retention of one or more larval traits in an adult

Involves slowing down or halting development of the traits involved

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7
Q

Progenesis

A

Full development of sexual organs in otherwise juvenile stage

Speeding up of reproductive development

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8
Q

Larval feature to look like

A

External gills

Prominent dorsal fin fold confluent with tail

Laterally compressed tail with fin

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9
Q

5 extant families of Order Caudata

A

Family Cryptobranchidae

Family Sirenidae

Family Ambystomatidae

Family Proteidae

Family Amphiumidae

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10
Q

Family Crptobranchidae

Giant salamanders

A

Largest living amphibians

Fully aquatic and retain a compressed tail and fin

Large dorso-ventrally flattened body

Prominent skin folds along sides of body for respiration

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11
Q

Family Sirenidae

Sirens

A

Elongate salamanders which retain external gills

No hind limbs and pelvic girdle

Elongate eel-like body

External gills

Small front limbs

Laterally compressed tail with fin

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12
Q

Family Ambystomitidae

Mole Salamanders

A

Highly terrestrial when fully metamorphosed

Stout bodied

Robust limbs

blunt head

blotchy pattern

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13
Q

Family Proteidae

Mudpuppies

A

External gills

Fully aquatic

Compressed tails with fins

Medium to large dorso-ventrally flattened body

Some skin folding

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14
Q

Family Amphiumidae

Amphiumas

A

Fully aquatic eel-like salamanders

Long body with compressed tail and fin

No external gills

Fore and hind limbs present but greatly reduced

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15
Q

Order Anura families

A

Family Pipidae

Family Scaphiopodidae

Family Hylidae

Family Dendrodatidae

Family Ranidae

Family Bufonidae

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16
Q

Family Pipidae

Clawed frogs

A

Fully aquatic

Dorso-ventrally flattened with large powerful hindlimbs and webbed feet

Claws on hind feet

Flattened body

Dorsally directed eyes

Small forelimb/large hindlimb

Webbed toes

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17
Q

Family Scaphiopodidae

Spadefoot toads

A

Skin is warty but smooth

Vertically oriented pupil

Crescent shaped claws on hindfeet

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18
Q

Family Hylidae

Tree frogs

A

Slender body

Relatively long body and limbs

Feet barely webbed

No distinct dorsolateral ridge

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19
Q

Family Dendrobatidae

Poison dart frogs

A

Bright colors

Upright posture

Toe pads

No dorsolateral ridge

Potent toxins on skin

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20
Q

Family Ranidae species

A

Rana luteiventris

Rana pipiens

Rana sylvatica

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21
Q

Rana luteiventris

Columbia spotted frog

A

Prominent dorsolateral ridge

White stripe from snout to forelimb

Dark spots on top of body with small white dots in their centres

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22
Q

Rana pipiens

Northern leopard frog

A

Large body with dorsolateral ridge

Numerous dark oval or round blotches with white rings around the margins

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23
Q

Rana sylvatica

Wood frog

A

Prominent dorsolateral ridge

Dark mask around eyes from snout to forelimb

Capable of freezing solid

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24
Q

Species of Family Bufonidae

Study These Flashcards
A

Bufo boreas

Bufo hemiophrys

Bufo cognatus

25
Bufo boreas Western toad
Warty skin Prominent parotoid gland No ridges visible on the head between the eyes
26
Bufo hemiophrys Canadian toad
Warty skin Prominent parotoid gland Prominent ridges on center of head between eyes
27
Bufo cognatus Great plains toad
Warty skin Prominent parotoid gland Two prominent "eye brow" ridges above the eyes
28
Amniotes are characterized by
Amniotic egg Keratinized epidermis Costal ventilation
29
Amniotic egg
Extra-embryonic layers are produced by the embryo to provide protection, nourishment and physiological regulation
30
Keratinized epidermis
All amniotes are covered with various keratinized skin structures (scales, feathers etc)
31
Costal ventilation
Ribs are connected to a sternum and associated musculature to aid in moving air in and out of the lungs
32
Lepidosauria includes which two orders
Order Squamata Order Rhynchophalia
33
Lepidosaurs are characterized by
A hemipenis Tail autotomy Epidermal scales that overlap and shed collectively
34
A hemipenis
Males posses a bilobed intromittent organ
35
Tail autotomy
Fracture planes within tail vertebrae of many species allow the individual to self-amputate
36
Epidermal scales that overlap and shed collectively
Physiological cycles stimulate occasional shedding of the entire scaly covering
37
Order Rhynchocephalia Tuatara
Diapsid skull with complete lower temporal bar Premaxilla with bony beak-like projections replacing teeth
38
Order Squamata Lizards and snakes Lizard families
Family Chamaeleonidae Family Iguanidae Family Phrynosmatidae Family Gekkonidae Family Amphisbaenidae Family Scincidae Family Helodermatidae Family Varanidae
39
Family Chamaeleonidae Chameleons
Laterally compressed body Capable of changing their colors for communication or camouflage Prehensile tail Often have bony frills or head ornamentation Zygodactylous (grasping ) feet with two toes on each side Eyes projecting from head
40
Family Iguanidae Iguanas lizards
Herbivorous Dewlap (loose skin on throat) Comb-like projections along center of back Long whip-like tail Long sharp claws
41
Family Phryonsmatidae Horned Lizards
Small and insectivorous Squirts blood from eyes as defense mechanism
42
Family Gekkonidae Gekko
Large eyes Large wedge shaped head Distinct construction at neck Expanded toe pads Specialized scales on expanded toes that provide incredible adhesion on smooth surfaces
43
Family Amphisbaenidae Worm lizards
Elongate bodies that lack limbs Small eyes Blunt eyes No neck Scales arranged in rings around body Convergent evolution with snakes Shovel like head for burrowing
44
Family Scincidae Skinks
Long cylindrical body Conical head Usually lack distinct neck Shiny scales
45
Family Helodermatidae Gila monster and beaded lizard
Well developed venom glands Large robust scale-covered osteoderms give a beaded appearance Stout body with wide head and thick tail
46
Family Varanidae Monitor lizards
Relatively long body and long neck Head small with pointed snout Long muscular tail
47
Order Squamata Lizards and snakes Snake families
Family Colubridae Family Viperidae
48
Family Colubridae Non-venomous snakes
Snake body with slight constriction behind head Scutes along ventral surface
49
Family Viperidae Vipers and Pit Vipers
Wedge shaped head much wider than neck Rattle on tail tip in some species Erectile fangs near front of mouth delivering venom Pits above the mouth house heat sensing organs
50
Order Testudines (turtles and tortoises) Families
Family Cheloniidae Family Chelydridae Family Emydidae Family Testundinidae
51
Family Cheloniidae Hard shelled sea turtles
Anapsid skull Feet modified into flippers Smooth carapace and plastron of dermal bone and epidermal scales Emarginations on the back of the skull roof, relatively small
52
Family Chelydridae Snapping turtles
Large head Relatively small eyes Reduced carapace Long tail Skull with large emarginations on the back of the skull roof
53
Family Emydidae Sliders
Small head Relatively large carapace Short tail With large emarginations on the back of the skull roof
54
Family Testudinidae Tortoises
More terrestrial High domed carapace Stout columnar legs/feet Long necks Short tails Large emarginations on the back of the skull roof
55
Order Crocodylia Crocs alligators and gharials Families
Family Alligatoridae Family Crocodylidae Family Gavialidae
56
Family Alligatoridae Alligators and Caimans
Broad horseshoe shaped snout Lower teeth not visible when mouth closed
57
Family Crocodylidae Crocodiles
Roughly triangular snout Single (4th) tooth in lower jaw visible when mouth is closed
58
Family Gavialidae Gharial and False gharial
Freshwater crocodylians that specialize in fish eating Elongate narrow snouts Numerous needle-like teeth Lower teeth visible when mouth closed

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