Lab 5: Vertebrate Dissection Part 1

Question 1

Animals with backbones are grouped into a subphylum____, which is a division of the phylum ___

Answer 1

vertebrata
chordata

Question 2

The three divisions of the chordata phylum are

Answer 2

urochordates, cephalocordates, and vertebrata

Question 3

All chordates share four common features at some stage in development:

Answer 3

1. notochord
2. dorsal hollow nerve cord
3. pharyngeal gill slits
4. postanal tail

Question 4

___ contain a living endoskeleton which grows with the animal and allows for continuous growth, unlike invertebrates

Answer 4

chordates

Question 5

A notochord is

Answer 5

a type of dorsally located flexible rod endoskeleton

Question 6

In higher chordates the notochord is replaced by a

Answer 6

vertebral column

Question 7

The nerve cord of chordates develops into the

Answer 7

CNS

Question 8

TorF: all chordates have traces of pharyngeal slits at some point in their embryonic development

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Pigs belong to the subdivision/class

Answer 9

mammalia

Question 10

Pigs belong to the order

Answer 10

artiodactyla

Question 11

All mammals share six characteristics

Answer 11

1. endothermal regulation with fat, hair, and skin (for some)
2. moveable eyelids and external ears
3. efficient respiratory and circulatory system with a four chambered heart and non-nucleated RBCs
   4.Diaphragm separating thoracic and abdominal cavities
4. intrauterine embryonic development
5. mammary glands

Question 12

The bodies of mammals are three major regions:

Answer 12

1. head and neck
2. trunk
3. tail

Question 13

Pigs have short necks, a feature seen in ____ animals

Answer 13

burrowing/rooting

Question 14

The nares are the ____ in the pigs snout

Answer 14

nostrils

Question 15

Papillae are

Answer 15

numerous small projections on the tongues surface, taste buds/draw food in

Question 16

Pigs begin ingesting solid food __ after birth

Answer 16

soon

Question 17

The eye location of the pig is typical of ___ species

Answer 17

vegetarian

Question 18

TorF pigs are carnivores

Answer 18

F, omnivores

Question 19

The nictitating membrane is

Answer 19

a translucent covering over the eye that keeps it clean and moist

Question 20

The auricle/pinna of the ear is

Answer 20

the flesh covered cartilage structure that is the most obvious part of the ears

Question 21

In many animals, the auricle collects

Answer 21

sound waves and channels the into the external auditory canal

Question 22

Pigs have ___ digits that end in hooves

Answer 22

four

Question 23

The first seven pairs of ribbed are joined to the ___, while the other five

Answer 23

sternum
either joined the sternum by cartilage or float

Question 24

TorF: Mammary papillae or present in both males and females

Answer 24

true

Question 25

Wild pigs have a gestation of __ months

Answer 25

4

Question 26

If your pig is female, there will be second opening by the anus which

Answer 26

protrudes ventral, known as the genital papilla

Question 27

If your pig is male, there is no second opening beneath the anus. Instead

Answer 27

you will see the scrotal sacs the penis leads to the preputial orifice, which is posterior to the umbilical vord

Question 28

The thoracic cavity is lined by _____ tissue

Answer 28

epithelial

Question 29

The parietal epithelium is

Answer 29

the epithelium that lines a body cavity

Question 30

the visceral epithelium is

Answer 30

the epithelium covering organs

Question 31

The small space between the visceral and parietal pleura is

Answer 31

the pleural cavity

Question 32

Pleurissy is

Answer 32

inflammation of the pleural membranes

Question 33

The heart lies in its own space called the

Answer 33

pericardial cavity

Question 34

The epithelium that covers the heart is the

Answer 34

pericardial sac

Question 35

The thymus is

Answer 35

the endocrine gland that is active in establishing immune system in animals

Question 36

The larynx is the ____ structure in the respiratory pathway

Answer 36

largest

Question 37

The pharynx is

Answer 37

where the pathways for digestion and respiration cross

Question 38

The parietal peritoneum is

Answer 38

the layer of epithelium that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 39

The visceral peritoneum is

Answer 39

the layer of epithelium that covers the abdominal organs

Question 40

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is

Answer 40

the peritoneal cavity

Question 41

Peritonitis is

Answer 41

inflammation of the peritoneal cavity

Question 42

TorF: the pericardium, pleurae, and visceral peritoneum all fold upon themselves to surround their organs and hold them in place

Answer 42

false, just visceral

Question 43

The liver serves a variety of functions, including

Answer 43

1. macromolecule digestion 2. produces bile 3. nitrogeneous waste 4. detoxifies 5. glycogen and micronutrient storage

Question 44

The gallbladder is

Answer 44

the storage organ for bile

Question 45

Bile is produced in the ___ and stored in the ___ until it is needed for digestion, when it is released into the ____ that connects to the ___

Answer 45

liver gallbladder bile duct small intestine/duodenum

Question 46

The spleen is

Answer 46

a lymphatic organ important in the destruction of old RBCs

Question 47

An involuntary wave of smooth muscle contractions, ___, moves food down the esophagus into the stomach

Answer 47

peristalsis

Question 48

The gastric juice contains

Answer 48

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Question 49

The gastric juices of newborns contain

Answer 49

renin and gastric lipase

Question 50

The first segment of the small intestine is the

Answer 50

duodenum

Question 51

Adjacent to the duodenum is the ___, which plays a role in both digestive and endocrine system

Answer 51

pancreas

Question 52

In the duodenum, partially digested food mixes with

Answer 52

enzymes secreted by intestinal epithelium, bile, and pancreatic enzymes

Question 53

The jejunum is where

Answer 53

the bulk of chemical digestion and absorption occurs

Question 54

The ileum ends at the ____

Answer 54

ileocecal valce

Question 55

The ileocecal valve regualtes the flow of material leaving the small intestine and entering the first part of the large intestine, the ___

Answer 55

caecum

Question 56

The caecum is

Answer 56

the small pouch/sac at the beginning of the large intestin

Question 57

TorF: in some mammals such as herbivores, the caecum acts as a fermentation reservoir whee cellulose is digested

Answer 57

True

Question 58

In humans, the caecum is

Answer 58

vestigial and called the appendix

Question 59

the longest segment of the large intestine is the

Answer 59

colon

Question 60

As water is reabsorbed from the wastes of the digestive tract, fecal matter becomes

Answer 60

more solid

Question 61

How are organs able to slide against each other without damage?

Answer 61

friction reducing fluid on surface of peritonea

Question 62

Rugae are

Answer 62

ridges in the stomach that can disappear when full

Question 63

If you were to stretch out your intestines linearly they would measure roughly

Answer 63

25 feet