Lab 5: vertebrate dissection part 2

Question 1

After removing specimens from pail and opening internal cavities, you should

Answer 1

rinse

Question 2

Blood is pumped away from the heart through vessels of decreasing diameter:

Answer 2

arteries, arterioles, capillaries

Question 3

Capillary walls are…

Answer 3

thin and porous

Question 4

In capillaries, materials are ____ across the endothelium ___ into the interstitial fluid across a concentration gradient

Answer 4

actively transported
simply diffues

Question 5

When the blood leaves capillaries, it travels through ____

Answer 5

venules and veins

Question 6

Unlike vertebrates, birds and mammals posess a ____ chambered heart

Answer 6

four

Question 7

The evolution of the four chambered heart is an adaptation brought about by

Answer 7

the high metabolic demands of warm-blooded animals (endotherms)

Question 8

Endotherms expend roughly ___ times the amount of energy compared to ectotherms

Answer 8

ten

Question 9

pulmonary circulation ____ while systemic ___

Answer 9

blood to the lungs
pumps blood to the rest of the body

Question 10

describe overall scheme of pulmonary and systemic circuits

Answer 10

vena cava–right atrium–tricuspid–right ventricle–pulmonary valve–R and L pulmonary arteries–lungs–R and L pulmonary veins—left atrium—bicuspid valve—left ventricle—aortic valve–aorta

Question 11

The___ is the largest artery in the mammalian body

Answer 11

aorta

Question 12

Coronary arteries supply

Answer 12

the heart with oxygenated blood

Question 13

Metabolic activities in the body cells use oxygen supplied by ____ to produce CO2

Answer 13

arteries

Question 14

In mammals, CO2 diffuses through ___ into ____ and is expelled from ___

Answer 14

capillary bed walls
alveolar spaces
the lungs

Question 15

The liver can eliminate wastes in the form of

Answer 15

bile pigments

Question 16

Certain salts, metal ions, and fats can be eliminated through the

Answer 16

alimentary gastrointestinal tract

Question 17

The ureters are

Answer 17

the tubes that drain each kidney

Question 18

the urinary bladder is

Answer 18

a muscular sac that temporarily stores waste

Question 19

the urethra is

Answer 19

a tube that passes waste out of the body

Question 20

The functions of the urinary system include

Answer 20

elimination of physiological waste, osmoregulation, BP, pH, and nutrient conservation

Question 21

Above the right atrium, the vena cava splits right and left into two main branches called

Answer 21

the brachiocephalic veins

Question 22

One of the brachiocephalic veins bifurcates into ___ while the other

Answer 22

the major vessels of the chest and forelegs, the subclavian and brachial veins
bifurcates an travels into the neck forming in/external jugular veins

Question 23

The right subclavian artery subdivides to supply blood to

Answer 23

the right thorax, neck, and forelimb

Question 24

The left subclavian artery subdivides into the

Answer 24

left thorax, neck, and forelimb

Question 25

the pulmonary trunk is... it is located

Answer 25

a vessel equal in size that branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries leaves the right ventricle and parallels the aorta

Question 26

The aorta and posterior vena cava are cushioned in a layer of fat covered by the .. they lie outside all visceral organs except the___

Answer 26

parietal peritoneum except the excretory organs

Question 27

The first large artery to branch from the aorta after it passes the diaphragm is the

Answer 27

celiac trunk

Question 28

the celiac trunk branches to supply blood to the

Answer 28

stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

Question 29

The anterior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the

Answer 29

large and small intestine

Question 30

The renal arteries supply blood to the kidneys through a pair of

Answer 30

lateral branches from the aorta

Question 31

The posterior mesenteric artery supplies blood to

Answer 31

the rest of the alrhe intestine

Question 32

In the adult, the aorta terminates by forming three vessels, which are

Answer 32

the two common iliac arteries (hindlimbs) and sacral (tail)

Question 33

In the fetal pig, two large umbilical arteries branch from the

Answer 33

terminus of the aorta

Question 34

The femoral, iliac, sacral, right genital, renal, and adrenolumbar veins are ____ to their corresponding arteries

Answer 34

parallel

Question 35

The blood that leaves the gastrointestinal tract enters the vena cava through

Answer 35

the hepatic portal system

Question 36

In pigs, blood leaving splenic and stomach capillaries eventually makes its way into the

Answer 36

gastrosplenic vein

Question 37

Blood leaving the small and alrge intestine empties into the

Answer 37

anterior and posterior mesenteric veins

Question 38

The mesenteric vein joins with the gastrosplenic vein to form the... which carries blood to the liber

Answer 38

hepatic portal veins

Question 39

In the liver, the hepatic portal vein branches out with smaller vessels that bring blood to the

Answer 39

sinusoids

Question 40

Each unit of the liver (___) also receives blood from hepatic arteries and contain small branches of the )))

Answer 40

lobule bile duct

Question 41

The liver cells (___)absorb materials carried in the blood's plasma and secrete substances carried by the sinusoids to veins which are centered in each ____

Answer 41

hepatocytes lobule

Question 42

The hepatic vein empties into the ____ just before the diaphragm

Answer 42

posterior vena cava

Question 43

The blood brought by the arteries to the gastrointestinal tract flows through ____, which are brought in by___ before returning to the heart. This is called a

Answer 43

two capillary beds one in digestive and one in liver portal system

Question 44

The adrenal gland is composed of

Answer 44

an outer region of endocrine cells (cortex) and an inner region of cells (medulla)

Question 45

The cortex secretes roughly ___ different hormones and the medulla secretes

Answer 45

twenty epi and norepi in response to autonomic NS

Question 46

The medulla is responsible for the ___ response

Answer 46

fight or flight

Question 47

How is the fetal pig bladder different than most adult mammals?

Answer 47

in most adult mammals, the bladder is a hollow muscular sac in the fetal pig, the allantonic bladder is a long tapered sac that extends between the umbilical arteries

Question 48

In the fetus, the allantonic stalk removes urine from the bladder and caries it to the

Answer 48

placenta

Question 49

In female pigs, the urethra empties into the___ that leads to the___

Answer 49

urogenital sinus genital papilla

Question 50

The normal development of spermatozoa requires a temperature ___ than the trunk of the body

Answer 50

lower

Question 51

The epididymis is

Answer 51

the start of the reproductive tract in males. A tightly coiled vessel bound to the testis. Damaged sperm are enzymitically digested by the epididymis

Question 52

The seminal vesicles secrete __% of the fluid found in the male ejaculate

Answer 52

60

Question 53

Inactive sperm become mobile when

Answer 53

mixed with seminal secretions

Question 54

The prostate secretes an acidic, milky fluid in the urethra that contains

Answer 54

anticoagulants, citrate, and an antibiotic

Question 55

bulbourethral/cowper's glands lie ___ to the prostate. They secrete a clear pre-ejaculate mucus that

Answer 55

posterior lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acidic urine

Question 56

The preputial orifice is

Answer 56

the external urethral opening

Question 57

oogenesis is

Answer 57

the process of producing ova in the ovaries

Question 58

The ova released from the ovary are picked up by___ of the

Answer 58

fimbriae uterine tube/oviduct

Question 59

Pigs have __ uteri

Answer 59

two

Question 60

Each uterine horn receives

Answer 60

developing zygotes

Question 61

The blastocyst is embedded in the ____ and nourished by it

Answer 61

endometrium