lab 7 - the digestive and urogenital systems

Question 1

mesentery

Question 1

peritoneum

Answer 1

transparent membrane lining the inside of the posterior body cavity

serous membrane, secretes lubricating fluid

Question 2

serous membrane

Answer 2

secretes lubricating fluid

Question 3

peritoneal cavity

Answer 3

posterior cavity in mammals and amphibians

Question 4

thoracic cavity

Answer 4

most anterior cavity in mammals and amphibians

Question 5

pericardial cavity

Answer 5

sharks anterior cavity

AND

the portion of a mammal/amphibians thoracic cavity surrounding the heart

Question 6

pleural cavity

Answer 6

paired lateral cavities in mammals and amphibians surrounding the lungs (part of the thoracic cavity)

Question 7

pleuroperitoneal cavity

Answer 7

sharks posterior body cavity

Question 8

transverse septum

Answer 8

tough white membrane separating the sharks pericardial cavidy and pleuroperitoneal cavity

Question 9

diaphragm

Answer 9

muscular structure separating the anterior and posterior cavities

Question 10

fat bodies

Question 11

buccal cavity

Question 12

pharynx

Answer 12

just posterior to buccal cavity, identified by 5 pairs of gill slits

Question 13

esophagus

Question 14

stomach

Question 15

rugae

Answer 15

longitudinal folds in the stomach

Question 16

small intestine

Question 17

duodenum

Answer 17

most anterior portion of the small intestine in the shark

Question 18

ileum

Answer 18

posterior portion of the small intestine in the shark

Question 19

large intestine

Question 20

pancreas

Answer 20

accessory organ, from endoderm

evagination of the embryonic digestive tract

in shark - 2 lobes (ventral in the curve of the duodenum, dorsal in a ligament that projects towards the gastrosplenic ligament

Question 21

liver

Answer 21

accessory organ, from endoderm

evagination of the embryonic digestive tract

in the shark - 3 lobes

extends posteriorly from the transverse septum

Question 22

gallbladder

Answer 22

accessory organ, from endoderm

evagination of the embryonic digestive tract

greenish and located on the central love of the liver in sharks

Question 23

bile duct

Answer 23

leads from the gallbladder to the duodenum

Question 24

cardiac sphincter

Answer 24

where the esophagus ends, opens into the stomach

Question 25

pyloric sphincter

Answer 25

sphincter at the most posterior end of the stomach

Question 26

spiral valve

Answer 26

internal subdivision of the ilium in sharks

Question 27

plicae

Question 28

rectal gland

Answer 28

in the shark - salt excretion for osmoregulation

Question 29

rectum

Answer 29

in the shark - most posterior portion of the large intestine, empties into the cloaca

Question 30

anus

Question 31

cloaca

Question 32

spleen

Answer 32

organ of the circulatory system attached to the greater curvature of the stomach via the gastrosplenic ligament

Question 33

caecum

Question 34

viviparous

Answer 34

females give birth to free living young

Question 35

euviviparous

Answer 35

development, nourishment, gas exchange provided directly by mother via placenta

Question 36

ovoviviparous

Answer 36

embryo develops in an egg capsule in reproductive tract of mother, yolk for nourishment

Question 37

oviparous

Answer 37

females lay eggs and development happens externally

Question 38

gonads

Answer 38

produce gametes and maintain secondary sex organs /secondary sex characteristics in part from somatic hypomere mesoderm

Question 39

ovaries

Answer 39

gonads in females, produce large gametes (eggs/ova)

Question 40

testes

Answer 40

gonads in male produce small gametes (sperm)

Question 41

archinephric duct

Answer 41

in sharks - tubules on the ventral surface of the kidney, recieves sperm from vasa efferentia from testes as well as urine from the anterior kidney

Question 42

oviduct

Answer 42

silvery tubes on the ventral side of sharks kidneys

Question 43

ostium

Answer 43

opening of the oviducts through which eggs move through from the ovary

Question 44

claspers

Question 45

uterus

Question 46

vas deferens

Question 47

scrotum

Question 48

epididymis

Question 49

penis

Question 50

vagina

Question 51

seminal vesicle

Question 52

sperm sac

Question 53

accessory urinary duct

Question 54

urinary bladder

Question 55

opisthonephric

Answer 55

in sharks - opisthonephric kidneys flat grey bands along full length of pleuroperitoneal cavity dorsal to everything else so retroperitoneal from mesomere mesoderm

Question 56

metanephric

Question 57

kidney

Answer 57

osmoregulation and/or secretion of nitrogenous wastes depending on taxa functional unit: renal corpuscle (site of urine formation)

Question 58

ureter

Question 59

urethra

Question 60

adrenal gland

Question 61

functions of the peritoneum in shark, rattus, rana

Question 62

comparison of body cavities in shark, rattus, rana

Answer 62

in sharks - pericardial and pleuroperitoneal cavities sep. by the transverse septum in mammals/amphibians - thoracic (including the pericardial and pleural cavities) sep from the peritoneal - anterior and post sep by the diaphragm in mammals

Question 63

compare/contrast reproduction in shark, rattus, rana

Question 64

compare/contrast urine flow in sharks, rana, rattus

Question 65

compare and contrast route taken by reproductive system products in shark, rattus, rana

Question 66

greater vs lesser curvature of the stomach

Answer 66

greater curvature - the convex side of the stomach lesser curvature - the concave side of the stomach