specific synapomorphies/where they arrose

Question 1

synapomorphies for chordates

Answer 1

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal slis, post-anal tail, endostyle

Question 2

notochord

Answer 2

chordates

Question 3

dorsal hollow nerve chord

Answer 3

chordates

Question 4

pharyngeal slits

Answer 4

chordates

Question 5

endostyle

Answer 5

chordates

Question 6

post-anal tail

Answer 6

chordates

Question 7

deuterostome synapomorphies

Answer 7

deuterostome development

Question 8

vertebrate synapomorphies

Answer 8

vertebral column, muscular pharyngeal pump, cranium

Question 9

vertebral column

Answer 9

vertebrates

Question 10

muscular pharyngeal pump

Answer 10

vertebrates

Question 11

cranium

Answer 11

vertebrates

Question 12

gnathostomata synapomorphies

Answer 12

bone, jaws, paired pectoral and pelvic fins

Question 13

what did myxinoidea lose

Answer 13

vertebrae

Question 14

what did chondrichthyes lose

Answer 14

skeletal bone

Question 15

teleostomi synapomorphy

Answer 15

gas bladder

Question 16

gas bladder

Answer 16

teleostomi

Question 17

sarcopterygii and tetrapod synapomorphy

Answer 17

fleshy fins

Question 18

fleshy fins

Answer 18

sarcopterygii and tetrapoda

Question 19

tetrapoda synapomorphy

Answer 19

legs and digits

Question 20

legs + digits

Answer 20

tetrapoda

Question 21

what type of fins to actinopterygii have?

Answer 21

ray fins

Question 22

amniota synapomorphies

Answer 22

amnion, chorion, allantois

Question 23

amphibian characters (general, not necessarily synapomorphies)

Answer 23

thin scaleless skin covered in mucus for cutaneous gas exchange + paired lungs also for gas exchange

larval stage amphibous trans to partally or full land

Question 24

mammalia characters

Answer 24

endothermy (evolved convergently w/ aves), hair, mammary glands

Question 25

amnion

Answer 25

amniota

Question 26

chorion

Answer 26

amniota

Question 27

allantois

Answer 27

amniota

Question 28

endothermy

Answer 28

aves and mammalia (evolved convergently)

Question 29

hair

Answer 29

mammalia

Question 30

mammary glands

Answer 30

mammalia

Question 31

testudinata synapomorphy + loss of ___

Answer 31

caraplace and plastron (bony shell) loss of teeth

Question 32

lepidosauria synapomorphy

Answer 32

hemipenes

Question 33

metatheria general characters

Answer 33

mammals that give birth to free-living young very early in their development, incubated and nursed in a pouch

Question 34

eutharia general characters

Answer 34

give birth to free-living young later in their development

Question 35

caraplace and plastron

Answer 35

testudinata

Question 36

hemipenes

Answer 36

lepidosauria

Question 37

chondrichthyes synapomorphy

Answer 37

claspers (intromittent organs for sperm transfer in males and intersex chondich) fin dicks