Lab 8 Flashcards by Charan Konda

Echinoderms

Marine animals with an endoskeleton consisting of calcareous plates and spines within their skin

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what kind of symmetry do echinoderms have

Pentaradial Symmetry

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Pentaradial Symmetry

With five arms radiating from a central disc

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body plan is

Triploblastic coelomate

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Digestive system of Echinoderms is

Tubular Digestive tracts

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Unique structural feature of Echinoderms

Have a water vascular System

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Water vascular system

Provides the forces for locomotion and Feeding

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Explain the water vascular system

Network of canals that extend into each arm and connect to many tiny tube with suckers

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Pisaster

Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animilia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Phylum: Echinodermata

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echnioderms

marine animals with an endoskeleton

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what kind of symmetry do echinoderms have

pentaradial symmertry

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Pentaradial Symmetry

Five arms radiating from a central disc

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What kind of bodyplan do echinoderms have

Triploblastic coelomate

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What kind of digestive tract do echinoderms have

Tubular Digestive Tract

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What kind of vascular system do echinoderms have

Water vascular system

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Pisaster

Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animilia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Phylum: Echinodermata

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What is water vascular system

Provides the forces necessary for locomotion and feeding

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Habitat of Picaster

cold water species
Found in the northwest Pacific Ocean

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What does the picaster feed on

mussels, chitons, snails and barnacles

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How many arms does the star fish have

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What are the 5 arms attached to

central disc

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Mandreporite

Small light coloured spot on the top surface
It allows water to move in or out of the starfish to keep the pressure within the water vascular system the same as the external environment

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Grooves

on the lower surface

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What's within the grooves

Tube feet

Site of Gas exchange and associated with muscles and nerve fibres which allows the starfish to move and manipulate food

Red eye spot

Sensitive to light

Branchiae

Allows for gas exchange

Pedicellariae

Tiny pincers located on the flexible stalks, which clean and protect the surface of starfish

Two kinds of stomachs of Picaster

Pyloric Stomach Cardiac stomach

where is pyloric stomach located

On top of the cardiac stomach

how does picaster eat

Once the starfish used its powerful tube feet to force open the shells of the prey, the cardiac stomach is everted out of the body to engulf the soft tissues of the prey

Two functions of pyloric stomach

1. secrete enzymes into pyloric stomach where digestion occurs 2. Serve as a storage site for digested food material

Where does digestion occur in picaster

Pyloric Stomach

Ampullae

Part of the water vascular system Each ampulla is attached to one tube foot

Friends of Picaster

Sea Cucumber

Symmetry of Phylum Chordata

Bilateral Symmetry

Body plan of Chordata

Triploblastic coelomate

Two groups of Chordata

Invertebrate chordates Vertebrate chordates

Invertebrate Chordata

A relatively small group of animals within lack a backbone or vertebral column

Vertebrate Chordata

Large group of animals which have a bone

Vertebrates Includes 6 groups

Chondrichytes (Cartilaginous Fish) Osteichthyes (Bony Fish) Amphibia Reptilia Aves (Birds) Mammalia (Mammals)

All chordates have

Notochord Hollow Dorsal nerve cord Pharyngeal gill slits Post anal tail

Perca

Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Subkingdom: Eumetazoa Phylum: Chordata

Habitat of perca

Fresh water and marine environments

Body plan of Perca

Bilateral Symmetry

what is perca covered by

Scales

For protection Secretes mucus onto the surface of the body. Protects the skin and eases the passage of the fish through the water

Mouth has _________

Upper and lower jaws to engulf the prey

Seeing organs of Perca

Eyes for vision and internal ears for balance and hearing has 2 pairs of nostrils

What detects chemical changes in water

olfactory sac

Movement of water through of nose of perca

Water moves into the anterior pair of nostrils - Olfactory sac (Chemical detection) and out through the posterior pair of nostrils

How many unpaired fins does perca have

4 unpaired fins of perca

2 dorsal 1 anal 1 caudal

operculum of perca

Protects the gills

Swim bladder

Develops embryologically as an outpushing from the pharynx. It helps the fish to get oxygen from the air instead of water

Oesophagus

Tube runs through perca

two types of stomachs of perca

Cardiac Stomach Pyloric stomach

Chemical digestion occurs at

Pyloric stomach

spleen

Protection and storage of blood cells

Male percas have

2 elongate testes

Female percas

single ovary

What collects deoxygenated blood in the perca

Sinus venosus

Where does blood oxygenation occur

At gills

Steps of circulatory system of perca

1. Deoxygenated blood recieved at Sinus Venosus 2. Blood moves into atrium 3. and then to the ventricle 4. Blood is pumped into an expanded artery called bulbus arteriosus which narrows to ventral aorta 5. Blood reaches the gills where its oxygenated

What takes oxygenated blood from gills to rest of the body

Dorsal Aorta

What kind of movement does perca use

Undulatory swimming Uses Axial locomotion

What is locomotion controlled by in perca

Spinal cord

Friends of perca

Shark

The first land vertebrates

Amphibians

Fish movement

Axial locomotion

Use of limbs in locomotion

Appendicular locomotion

Aquatic respiration occurs at

Gills

Land respiration

Lungs

How does the skin stay moist

Mucous glands Large blood vessels: Important respiratory organ

Epidermis of reptiles has

Stratum corneum

Stratum Corneum

forms a waterproof outer boundary for the epidermis Overlapping scales are Developed from the epidermis further preventing water loss

In most fish fertilization is

External

Major evolution of reproduction on land

Amniotic shelled egg

The egg freed reptiles and birds from their dependence on water for fertilization

4 chambers of mammalia heart

Two atria Two ventricles

Pathway of blood through the circulatory system

Superior/inferior vena cava - Right Atrium - (Triscuspid valve)- Right atrium - Pulmonary Artery - Lungs - (Pulmonary veins) - Left Atrium - (Mitral Valve) - Left ventricle - (Aortic valve) - aorta

Backflow of the heart is prevented by

Pulmonary Valve