Lab #8: Appendicular Skeletal Muscles

Question 1

Superficial anterior muscles of the arm

Answer 1

• Deltoid
• Biceps brachii (2 heads)
• Brachialis
• Brachioradialis
• Pectoralis major
• Coracobrachialis

Question 2

Function of the deltoid muscle

Answer 2

Flexes and medially rotates the arm, abducts the arm

Question 3

Function of the biceps brachii

Answer 3

Rapid or forceful supination of forearm, synergist in elbow flexion

Question 4

Function of the brachialis

Answer 4

Flexes forearm at elbow joint

Question 5

Function of the brachioradialis

Answer 5

Flexes elbow

Question 6

Function of the pectorals major

Answer 6

Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus

Question 7

Coracobrachialis

Answer 7

Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint

Question 8

Superficial posterior muscles of the arm

Answer 8

• Supraspinatus muscle
• Infraspinatus muscle
• Teres minor muscle
• Teres major muscle
• Triceps brachii (3 heads)
• Latissiumus dorsi
• Rotator cuff

Question 9

Muscles of the rotator cuff

Answer 9

Supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, subscapularis muscle, teres minor muscle

Question 10

Function of the supraspinatus muscle

Answer 10

aids deltoid in abduction of arm

Question 11

Function of the infraspinatus muscle

Answer 11

modulates action of deltoid, rotates humerus laterally

Question 12

Function of the terms minor muscle

Answer 12

Extends and medially rotates humerus

Question 13

Function of the terss major muscle

Answer 13

extends and medially rotates humerus

Question 14

Function of the triceps brachii muscle

Answer 14

• extends the forearm at elbow joint
• extends the arm at the shoulder joint
• extends elbow (primary mover)

Question 15

Function of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 15

• extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

- draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly

Question 16

Anterior muscles of the forearm

Answer 16

• Pronator teres
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
• Flexor digitorum superficialis (superficial)
• Flexor pollicis longus (deep)
• Supinator (deep)
• Flexor digitorum profundus (deep)

Question 17

Function of the pronator terms muscle

Answer 17

pronates forearm

Question 18

Function of the flexor carpi radialis

Answer 18

Abducts hand

Question 19

Function of the extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)

Answer 19

Flexes and adbucts hand and wrist joint

Question 20

Function of the flexor digitorum superficialis (superficial)

Answer 20

• Flexes middle phalanx of each proximal interphalangeal joint
• Flexes proximal phalanx of each finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
• Flexes hand at wrist joint
• Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint

Question 21

Function of the flexor pollicis longus (deep)

Answer 21

flexes distal phalange of thumb

Question 22

Function of the Supinator (deep)

Answer 22

Supinates forearm

Question 23

Function of the flexor digitorum profundus (deep)

Answer 23

• powerful flexor of the fingers
• As it pulls the distal phalanges towards the hand, it causes flexion of the digits 2-4 at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

Question 24

Posterior muscles of the forearm

Answer 24

• Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
• Extensor digitorum
• Abductor pollicis longus
• Extensor pollicis longus & brevis

Question 25

Function of the extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis)

Answer 25

Extends and abducts wrist (brevis also studies wrist during . finger flexion)

Question 26

Function of the extensor digitorum

Answer 26

Prime mover of finger extension

Question 27

Function of the abductor pollicis longus

Answer 27

Abducts and extends thumb, abducts wrist

Question 28

Function of the extensor pollicis (longus & brevis)

Answer 28

Extends thumb

Question 29

Anterior muscles of the Hip/Thigh

Answer 29

-Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas major): -Adductors (5 muscles): → Adductor magnus → Adductor longus → Adductor brevis → Pectineus → Gracilis -Knee extensors: Quadraceps femoris (4 muscles): → Rectus Femoris → Vastus lateralis → Vastus intermedius → vastus medialis -Thigh flexors/abductors: → Tensor fasciae latae → Sartorius

Question 30

Iliopsoas muscles of the anterior hip/thigh

Answer 30

Iliacus and Psoas major

Question 31

Function of the Iliacus and Psoas major

Answer 31

Prime mover for flexing the thigh

Question 32

Adductors (5 muscles) of the anterior hip/thigh

Answer 32

``` → Adductor magnus → Adductor longus → Adductor brevis → Pectineus → Gracilis ```

Question 33

Knee extensors: Quadraceps femoris (4 muscles)

Answer 33

→ Rectus Femoris (knee extensor, also flexes thigh at hip) → Vastus lateralis (knee extensor, also stabilizes knee) → Vastus intermedius → Vastus medialis (knee extensor, also stabilizes the patella)

Question 34

-Thigh flexors/abductors

Answer 34

→ Tensor fasciae latae | → Sartorius (also laterally rotates thigh & weak knee flexor)

Question 35

Muscles of the posterior hip/thigh

Answer 35

``` -Gluetus (3 muscles) → Gluteus maximus → Gluetus medius → Gluteus minimus -Lateral rotators (6 muscles): → Piridormis → Gemellus superior → Obturator internus → Obturator externus → Gamellus inferior → Quadratus femoris -Hamstring (3 muscles): → Biceps femoris (2 heads): → Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus ```

Question 36

Gluetus muscles

Answer 36

→ Gluteus maximus → Gluetus medius → Gluteus minimus

Question 37

Function of the gluteus Maximus

Answer 37

Major extensor of thigh

Question 38

Function of the Gluetus medius

Answer 38

Abducts and medially rotates thigh, action is extremely important in walking

Question 39

Function of the Gluteus minimus

Answer 39

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

Question 40

-Lateral rotators (6 muscles)

Answer 40

``` → Piridormis → Gemellus superior → Obturator internus → Obturator externus → Gamellus inferior → Quadratus femoris ```

Question 41

Function of the lateral rotators

Answer 41

oppose medial rotation by the gluterus medius and minumus

Question 42

Hamstring (3 muscles)

Answer 42

→ Biceps femoris | → Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus:

Question 43

Function of the Biceps femoris

Answer 43

extends thigh and flexes knee, laterally rotates leg

Question 44

Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus function

Answer 44

Flexes leg at knee joint and extends the thigh at hip join

Question 45

Adduction vs Abduction

Answer 45

Adduction exercises involve bringing your limbs towards the midline of your body abduction exercises involve moving your limbs away from your body, like with side leg lifts.