Lab Chapter 8

Question 1

What are the zones of the epiphyseal plate?

Answer 1

Zone one: resting cartilage
Zone two: proliferating cartilage
Zone three: hypertrophic cartilage 
Zone four: calcified cartilage
Zone five: ossification

Question 2

What does the resting cartilage consist of?

Answer 2

Typical hyaline cartilage. Chondrocytes within the lacunae are small and the matrix is very light in color

Question 3

What does the proliferating cartilage consist of?

Answer 3

Chondrocytes are lined up in rows. They are actively undergoing cell division and the matrix is very dark in color.

Question 4

What does the hypertrophic cartilage consist of?

Answer 4

Chondrocytes hypertrophy (increase in size). Cell division ceases and the chondrocytes mature.

Question 5

What does calcified cartilage consist of?

Answer 5

Chondrocytes begin to calcify the matrix, and then die.

Question 6

What does ossification consist of?

Answer 6

Osteoprogenitor cells and blood vessels enter the spaces left behind by the degenerated cartilage and new bone is deposited

Question 7

What are the classes of bones?

Answer 7

Flat
Irregular
Long
Short

Question 8

What are flat bones?

Answer 8

Bones with thin, flat surfaces, may be slightly curved

This is many skull bones

Question 9

What are irregular bones?

Answer 9

Complex shape that does not fit into other classifications. This will include vertebrae, some skull bones

Question 10

What are long bones?

Answer 10

Greater in length than in width. These will include most limb bones

Question 11

What are short bones?

Answer 11

Nearly equal in length and width. This will include wrist and ankle bones

Question 12

What is diaphysis?

Answer 12

The long shaft of the bone

Question 13

What is epiphyses?

Answer 13

The rounded ends of a bone

Question 14

What is metaphyses?

Answer 14

Articulation points between the diaphysis and the epiphyses

Question 15

What is the medullary cavity?

Answer 15

Cavity within the shaft of the bone that is filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue)

Question 16

Compact bone?

Answer 16

Thick layer of tissue found in the diaphysis

Question 17

Articular cartilages

Answer 17

Cartilage surrounding the epiphyses of the bone with the thin layer of compact bone

Question 18

Spongy bone?

Answer 18

Found in the epiphyses of the bone

Question 19

What is special about spongy bone?

Answer 19

In the fetus the marrow between the trabeculae is composed of red bone marrow but in adults it is mainly yellow bone marrow

Question 20

What happens to the soft spot on a baby’s head?

Answer 20

Membrane ossification where the bone goes straight from membrane to bone

Question 21

What bone features are found in the ethmoid?

Answer 21

Cribriform plate, cribriform foramina, crista galli, superior nasal concha, middle nasal concha and perpendicular plate

Question 22

What are the bone features of the frontal bone?

Answer 22

Frontal sinus, supraorbital foramen, superciliary arch

Question 23

What are the bone features of the lacrimal bone?

Answer 23

Lacrimal groove

Question 24

What are the bone features of the mandible bone?

Answer 24

Alveolar processes, angle, body, coronoid process, head, mandibular foramen, mental foramen, mental protuberance and Ramus

Question 25

What are the bone features of the maxilla?

Answer 25

Infraorbital foramen, incisive foramen, palatine process

Question 26

What are the bone features of the occipital bone?

Answer 26

External occipital protuberance, foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal, jugular foramen, occipital condyle

Question 27

What are the bone features of the sphenoid?

Answer 27

Foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, foramen spinosum, greater wing, inferior orbital tissue, lesser wing, optic foramen, sella turcica, superior orbital fissure

Question 28

What are the bone features of the temporal bone?

Answer 28

Carotid canal, external acoustic meatus, foramen lacerum, internal acoustic meatus, mandibular fossa, mastoid process, petrous part, squamous part, styloid process and zygomatic process

Question 29

What are the bone features of the zygomatic bone?

Answer 29

Frontal process, maxillary process, temporal process

Question 30

What are the bone features of the forehead bone?

Answer 30

Frontal

Question 31

How many vertebrae are in each section of vertebral column?

Answer 31

``` Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacrum 5 Coccyx 3 to 5 ```

Question 32

What is unique about the vertebrae in the cervical section?

Answer 32

The first and last vertebrae are not bifid but the other five are

Question 33

What is unique about the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 33

All have blended processes

Question 34

What is unique about the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 34

All have straight processes