Lab Exercise 1

Question 1

It deals with the reconstruction of phylogeny or evolutionary history of organisms

Answer 1

Systematics

Question 2

What is encompassed by systematics?

Answer 2

Taxonomy

Question 3

These are under taxonomy (4)

Answer 3

• description
• identification
• nomenclature
• classification

Question 4

a particular character can have varied character states

Answer 4

description

Question 5

example of a description

Answer 5

character = leaf shape
state = oval

Question 6

a description is organized into what? (2)

Answer 6

• taxonomic keys
• dichotomous keys

Question 7

recognition of unknown organisms

Answer 7

identification

Question 8

scientific formal naming

Answer 8

nomenclature

Question 9

what type of nomenclature is used for plants?

Answer 9

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)

Question 10

what is the binomial nomenclature?

Answer 10

genus + specific epithet + author’s name’s abbreviation

Question 11

arrangement of entities into some type of order

Answer 11

classification

Question 12

what is the purpose of classification

Answer 12

provide a system for cataloging and expressing relationships

Question 13

what type of structure is used in classifying?

Answer 13

hierarchical structure (broadest to specific)

Question 14

what is the order of classification

Answer 14

• domain
• kingdom
• phylum (division)
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species

Question 15

what are the types of classification?

Answer 15

phenetic and phylogenetic

Question 16

Type of classification based on overall similarity between and among taxa

Answer 16

phenetic classification

Question 17

Type of classification through evolutionary history or pattern of descent

Answer 17

phylogenetic classification

Question 18

used in re-constructing evolutionary relationships

Answer 18

branching diagram / tree diagram

Question 19

conceptually illustrates the pattern of descent

Answer 19

branching diagram / tree diagram

Question 20

represent lineages or clades

Answer 20

lines

Question 21

hypothetical representation of the actual pattern of descent

Answer 21

cladogram

Question 22

what do the length of lines in a cladogram mean?

Answer 22

they are arbitrary and do note denote time or genetic distances

Question 23

change from pre-existing character or ancestral character state into a new derived character and is highlighted in a cladogram

Answer 23

apomorphy

Question 24

evolutionary pattern has time and genetic distance components

Answer 24

phylogenetic tree

Question 25

phylogenetic trees can be generated using...

Answer 25

molecular tools and analysis

Question 26

collection of specimens is indispensable

Answer 26

plant systematics

Question 27

where plant collections are preserved and stored

Answer 27

herbarium (herbaria)

Question 28

serves as center for research and source materials for systematic work

Answer 28

herbaria

Question 29

computerized data about the herbarium specimen can be accessed through

Answer 29

databases / data information system

Question 30

plant collection inside a herbarium

Answer 30

herbarium specimen

Question 31

pressed and dried then glued or permanently attached to a sheet of paper with documentation labels and can last for hundreds of years

Answer 31

herbarium specimen

Question 32

what does viridiplantae mean?

Answer 32

green plants

Question 33

flowering plants

Answer 33

angiosperms

Question 34

gymnosperms

Answer 34

conifers, cycads, ginkgo gnetophytes

Question 35

monilophytes

Answer 35

ferns, horsetails

Question 36

lycophytes

Answer 36

clubmosses, quillworts

Question 37

bryophytes

Answer 37

hornworts, mosses, liverworts

Question 38

vascular plants

Answer 38

tracheophyta

Question 39

land plants

Answer 39

embryophyta