Lab List Friday 6/20/14

Question 0

Soleus origins (4)

Answer 0

• head of fibula (posterior aspect)
• posterior surface of fibula
• soleal line
• medial border of tibia

Question 1

Gastrocnemius origins (2)

Answer 1

Lateral head - lateral condyle of femur (lateral aspect)

Medial head - popliteal surface of femur

Question 2

Plantaris origin (2)

Answer 2

• oblique popliteal ligament

- lateral supracondylar line of femur

Question 3

Insertion of gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris

Answer 3

posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

Question 4

Innervation of gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris

Answer 4

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 5

Gastrocnemius actions (3)

Answer 5

• plantarflexes ankle while knee is extended
• raises heel during walking
• flexes knee joint

Question 6

Soleus actions (2)

Answer 6

• plantarflexes ankle

- steadies leg on foot (antigravity muscle)

Question 7

Plantaris main actions (2)

Answer 7

• mainly proprioreceptive

- weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle

Question 8

All muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are innervated by

Answer 8

the tibial nerve

Question 9

Popliteus origins (2)

Answer 9

• lateral condyle (lateral surface)

- lateral meniscus

Question 10

Popliteus insertion

Answer 10

• posterior surface of tibia (superior to soleal line)

Question 11

Popliteus segmental innervation

Answer 11

L4, L5, S1

Question 12

Flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus segmental innervation

Answer 12

S2, S3

Question 13

Popliteus main actions (2)

Answer 13

• weakly flexes knee

- unlocks knee

Question 14

Flexor hallucis longus origins (2)

Answer 14

• posterior surface of fibula (inferior two thirds)

- inferior part of interosseous membrane

Question 15

flexor hallucis longus insertion

Answer 15

base of distal phalanx of great toe

Question 16

flexor hallucis longus main actions (3)

Answer 16

• flexes great toe in all joints
• weakly plantarflexes ankle
• supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 17

Flexor digitorum longus origin

Answer 17

posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line)

Question 18

Tibialis posterior origins (3)

Answer 18

• interosseous membrane
• posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line)
• posterior surface of fibula

Question 19

Tibialis posterior segmental innervation

Answer 19

L4, L5

Question 20

Tibialis posterior insertions (4)

Answer 20

• tuberosity of naviculars
• cuneiforms
• cuboid
• bases of 2nd - 4th metatarsals

Question 21

The posterior compartment of the leg is the largest of the leg compartments and is called the 1 compartment. It is innervated by the 2 and is supplied by the 3 and 4 vessels

Answer 21

1) plantarflexor or flexor
2) tibial nerve
3) posterior tibial and
4) fibular

Question 22

The posterior compartment of the leg is divided into superficial and deep subcompartments by the ____

Answer 22

transverse intermuscular septum

Question 23

The superficial posterior compartment muscles are the

Answer 23

• gastrocnemius (most superficial)
• soleus
• plantaris

Question 24

the triceps surae includes the _1_ and _2_ muscles joined by the _3_. It supplies _4_ of plantar force

Answer 24

1) soleus 2) gastrocnemius 3) calcaneous tendon 4) 93 percent

Question 25

The gastrocnemius can work at both the _1_ and _2_.

Answer 25

1) knee and | 2) ankle joints

Question 26

The soleus is the "workhorse" of plantarflexion and is also called the _1_ muscle because it contracts antagonistically but _2_ with the anterior dorsiflexor muscles to maintain balance

Answer 26

1) antigravity | 2) cooperatively

Question 27

The _1_ plays a small role in movement and can be removed for grafting

Answer 27

plantaris

Question 28

The deep muscles of the posterior leg are the:

Answer 28

- popliteus - flexor digitorum longus - flexor hallucis longus - tibialis posterior (deepest)

Question 29

The _1_ nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior leg. The _2_ supplies posterior compartment of leg and foot and the _3_ supplies the posterior and lateral compartments of the leg and is usually located within _4_

Answer 29

1) tibial 2) posterior tibial artery 3) fibular artery 4) flexor hallucis longus

Question 30

The ankle joint, also called the talocrural joint, is what type of a joint? Where is the joint located?

Answer 30

- hinge type of synovial joint - between distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the superior part of the talus (trochlea of the talus into malleolar mortise of tibia and fibula

Question 31

The malleoli of the ankle joint grips the _1_ tightly as it rocks within the _2_. This grip is the strongest during _3_ because the tibia and fibula are slightly _4_

Answer 31

1) talus 2) mortis 3) dorsiflexion 4) separated

Question 32

The spreading apart of the tibia and the fibula during dorsiflexion of the ankle is limited by:

Answer 32

- interosseous tibiofibular ligament | - anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

Question 33

The ankle is relatively weak during ___

Answer 33

plantarflexion

Question 34

The joint capsule of the ankle also contains a _1_ and a _2_.

Answer 34

1) fibrous layer | 2) synovial membrane

Question 35

The lateral ligament of the ankle consists of three separate ligaments. What are they and what function do they serve?

Answer 35

- anterior talofibular ligament - posterior talofibular ligament - calcaneofibular ligament - they reinforce the ankle laterally

Question 36

The medial ligament of the ankle (deltoid ligament) consists of four parts. What are they and what functions do they serve?

Answer 36

- tibionavicular part - tibiocalcaneal part - anterior tibiotalar part - posterior tibiotalar part - They stabilize ankle joint during eversion of the foot and prevent subluxation (partial dislocation)

Question 37

Plantarflexion is performed by _1_ muscles and dorsiflexion is performed by _2_.

Answer 37

1) posterior and lateral leg muscles | 2) anterior compartment muscles

Question 38

Dorsiflexion is limited by:

Answer 38

- passive resistance of triceps surae | - medial and lateral ligaments

Question 39

What arteries supply the ankle joint?

Answer 39

- malleolar branches of fibular artery | - anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 40

What nerves supply the ankle joint?

Answer 40

nerves from the tibial and deep fibular deviations

Question 41

What structures limit plantarflexion?

Answer 41

- anterior talofibular ligament - anterior part of medial ligament - anterior joint capsule - contact of tibia and talus - tension generated by ankle dorsiflexors

Question 42

What structures limit dorsiflexion?

Answer 42

- medial ligament of ankle, calcanofibular, posterior talofibular, posterior joint capsule - contact of talus and tibia - tension of plantarflexors at ankle