Lab List Wednesday 6/25/14 Flashcards
(33 cards)
0
Q
What is the neurocranium and what bones form it?
A
- bony covering of the brain and cranial meninges, contains the proximal cranial nerves and vasculature
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- occipital
- two temporal
- two parietal
1
Q
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
A
- opthalmic nerve (CN V1)
- maxillary nerve (CN V2)
- mandibular nerve (CN V3)
2
Q
What is the viscerocranium and what does it consist of?
A
- facial skeleton, consists of the bones surrounding the mouth, nose, orbits
- mandible
- ethmoid
- vomer
- paired bones:
- maxilla
- inferior nasal concha
- zygomatic
- palatine
- nasal
- lacrimal
3
Q
Contents of the orbit:
A
- eyeball
- extraocular muscles
- opthalmic vessels
- CN II, III, IV, V, and V1
4
Q
What are the 3 facial foramena that function to transmit branches of the trigeminal nerves?
A
- supraorbital foramen : opthalmic nerve (CN V1)
- infraorbital foramen : maxillary nerve (CN V2)
- mental foramen : mandibular nerve (CN Vf3)
5
Q
Significance of petrous temporal and occipital condyles?
A
- petrous temporal : houses organs of hearing and balance
- occipital condyles : articulate with the C1 vertebra (atlas)
6
Q
What forms the anterior cranial fossa and what are its contents?
A
- formed by frontal bone
- contents:
- crista galli - anchors falx cerebri
- cribriform plate - transmits olfactory nerves from olfactory mucosa
to the olfactory bulbs - orbital plate
7
Q
What forms the middle cranial fossa and what are its contents?
A
- formed by sphenoid and tubercles
- contains:
- sella turcica - “hypophyseal fossa” houses the pituitary gland
- optic canal - transmits CN II (optic nerve) and opthalmic artery
- foramen spinosum - transmits middle meningeal artery and vein
- foramen lacerum
- foramen ovale - transmits CN V3 (mandibular nerve) to the
infratemporal fossa - superior orbital fissure - transmits CN III (oculomotor), IV (Trochlear),
V1 (opthalmic), and VI (abducent) nerves - foramen rotundum - transmits CN V2 (maxillary nerve) to
pterygopalatine fossa
8
Q
What forms the posterior cranial fossa, what does it house, and what are its contents?
A
- formed by occipital bone and temporal bones
- houses cerebellum, pons, medulla
- contains:
- foramen magnum: transmits medulla, meninges, vertebral and spinal vessels, spinal root CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
- internal acoustic meatus: transmits cranial nerves VII (facial nerve) and CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)
- jugular foramen: transmits internal jugular vein, CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), CN X (vagus nerve), and CN XI (spinal accessory nerve)
- hypoglossal canal - transmits CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
9
Q
What are the five layers of the scalp?
A
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose areolar connective tissue Pericranium
10
Q
3 layers of cranial meninges superficial to deep?
A
- Dura mater
- arachnoid matter
- pia matter
11
Q
Dura matter 2 layers:
A
- periosteal layer = external
- meningeal layer = internal
12
Q
What do dural infoldings do and what are they?
A
- separate cranial cavities into compartments ant limit movement of the brain
- four exits:
- falx cerebri = largest, vertical, separate right and left hemispheres
- tentorium cerebelli = tent like appearance, separates occipital lobes
and cerebellum - falx cerebelli = small, under tentorium cerebelli, partially separates
cerebellar hemispheres - diaphragma sellae = smallest infolding, covers pituitary gland
13
Q
What supplies blood to the dura? Which cranial foramen does it come out of? What innervates the dura?
A
- middle meningeal artery
- foramen spinosum
- cranial nerve V (referred pain)
14
Q
Where is the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) held?
A
subarachnoid space with blood vessels
15
Q
What layer of the meninges contacts the brain and is highly vasculated?
A
Pia matter
16
Q
List the cranial nerves, their names, and what type of fibers they contain:
A
CN I: olfactory, sensory CN II: optic, sensory CN III: oculomotor, motor CN IV: trochlear, motor CN V: trigeminal, both CN VI: abducent, motor CN VII: facial, both CN VIII: vestibulocochlear, sensory CN IX: glossopharyngeal, both CN X: vagus, both CN XI: spinal accessory, motor CN XII: hypoglossal, motor
17
Q
Cranial nerve I
A
- olfactory nerve
- sensory fibers
- function: smell
- cranial exit: foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
18
Q
Cranial nerve II
A
- optic nerve
- sensory fibers
- function: sensory vision from retina
- cranial exit: optic canal
19
Q
Cranial nerve III
A
- oculomotor nerve
- motor fibers
- fuction: - motor to inferior, superior, medial rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris muscles
- Parasympathetic to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles,
constrict pupils and accomodates lenses of the eyes - cranial exit: superior orbital fissure
20
Q
Cranial Nerve IV
A
- trochlear nerve
- motor fibers
- function: motor to superior oblique to assist in turning eye infrolaterally (or inferior when adducted)
- cranial exit: superior orbital fissure
21
Q
Cranial nerve V
A
- trigeminal nerve
- V1: opthalmic, sensory, superior orbital fissure, supraorbital foramen
- Function: cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucosa of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
- V2: maxillary, sensory, foramen rotundum, infraorbital foramen
- Function: skin of face over maxilla, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses, palate
- V3: mandibular, motor, foramen ovale, mental foramen
- Function: muscles of mastication, myohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
22
Q
Cranial nerve VI
A
- abducent nerve
- motor fibers
- function: lateral rectus muscle to turn eye laterally
- superior orbital fissure
23
Q
Cranial nerve VII
A
- facial nerve
- motor fibers
- function: motor: parasympathetic to submandibular, sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, glands to nose and palate
- motor: muscles of facial expression and scalp
- sensory: skin of external acoustic meatus, taste
- internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, submastoid foramen
24
Cranial nerve VIII
- vestibulocochlear nerve
- sensory fibers
- function: hearing and balance
- cranial exit: internal acoustic meatus
25
Cranial nerve IX
- glossopharyngeal nerve
- both fibers
- function: sensory and motor to structures of tongue and pharynx, taste
- jugular foramen
26
Cranial nerve X
- vagus nerve
- motor parasympathetic fibers to: trachea, bronchi, digestive tract, heart, motor constrictive for pharynx, larynx, palate muscles, esophagus
- sensory fibers to auricle, external acoustic meatus, dura of posterior cranial fossa, tongue, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach, intestine, epiglottis, palate
- jugular foramen
27
Cranial nerve XI
- spinal accessory nerve
- motor fibers
- function: sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
- jugular foramen
28
Cranial Nerve XII
- hypoglossal nerve
- motor fibers
- function: intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- hypoglossal canal
29
What structures exit the cranium out of the jugular foramen?
- CN XI (spinal accessory nerve),
- CN X (vagus nerve)
- CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
30
What structures exit the cranium from the internal acoustic meatus?
- Cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)
| - cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
31
What structures exit the cranium out of the superior orbital fissure?
- cranial nerve III (oculomotor)
- cranial nerve IV (trochlear)
- cranial nerve V1 (opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve)
- cranial nerve VI (abducent)
32
What structures do cranial nerve V2 and V3 EXIT THE CRANIUM from?Where do they exit the skull?
- V2 exits cranium through foramen rotundum, exits skull through infraorbital foramen
V3 exits cranium through foramen ovale, exits skull through mental foramen
