Lab List Monday (and some Wednesday) 6/16/14 Flashcards
0
Q
Gluteus Maximus Insertions (2)
A
- iliotibial tract (inserting on lateral epicondyle of humerus)
- gluteal tuberosity of femur
1
Q
Gluteus Maximus Origins (4)
A
- Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
- sacrum (dorsal surface)
- coccyx (dorsal surface)
- SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENT
2
Q
Gluteus Maximus Innervation
A
Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1, S2)
3
Q
Gluteus Maximus Main Actions (4)
A
- extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions
- assists lateral rotation
- steadies thigh
- assists in rising from seated position
4
Q
Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus Origin
A
Medius: External surface of ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)
Minimus: External surface of ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)
5
Q
Gluteus Medius Insertion
A
Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur
6
Q
Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, and Tensor Fasciae Latae are all innervated by:
A
Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4, L5, S1)
7
Q
Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus Main Actions (2)
A
- abduct and medially rotate the hip joint
- keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
8
Q
Gluteus Minimus Insertion
A
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
9
Q
Tensor Fasciae Latae Origins (2)
A
- Anterior superior iliac spine
- Anterior part of iliac crest
10
Q
Tensor Fasciae Latae Insertion
A
Iliotibial tract (which attaches to lateral epicondyle of the tibia (Gerdy Tubercle)
11
Q
Tensor Fasciae Latae Main Actions (2)
A
- flexes hip joint
- acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint
12
Q
Piriformis Origins (3)
A
- 2nd-4th sacral segments (anterior surface of)
- greater sciatic notch (superior margin of)
- SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENT
13
Q
Piriformis Insertion
A
Greater trochanter of femur (superior border)
14
Q
Piriformis Innervation
A
Branches of superior rami of S1, S2
15
Q
Piriformis, Obturator Internus, Superior and Inferior Gemelli Main Actions (3)
A
- laterally rotate extended hip joint
- abduct flexed hip joint
- steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
16
Q
Obturator Internus Origins (3)
A
- Ilium (pelvic surface of)
- Ischium (pelvic surface of)
- Obturator membrane
17
Q
Obturator internus and superior and inferior gemelli insertion
A
trochanteric fossa of femur (medial surface of greater trochanter)
18
Q
Obturator internus innervation
A
nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
19
Q
Superior and inferior gemelli Origins (2)
A
- Superior: ischial spine
- Inferior: Ischial tuberosity
20
Q
Superior and inferior gemelli innervation (2)
A
- Superior: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
- Inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
21
Q
Quadratus Femoris insertion
A
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
22
Q
Quadratus femoris origin
A
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
23
Q
Quadratus femoris innervation
A
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
24
The gluteal tuberosity is located
on the lateral side of the spiral line on the posterior aspect of the femur below the intertrochanteric crest
25
The linea aspera of the femur is located on the _1_ side and leads down to the _2_ and _3_
1) posterior
2) medial and
3) lateral supracondylar lines
26
The adductor tubercle is located at the top of the ___
Medial femoral epicondyle
27
The soleal line is located on the _1_ side of the _2_ and descends medioinferiorly below the _3_ to about a fourth of the way down the bone
1) posterior
2) tibia
3) tibial condyles
28
Order of weight transfer in the lower body
Vertebral column --> through sacro-iliac joints to pelvic girdle --> hip joints --> femurs --> knee joints --> ankle joint via tibia --> talus
29
The fibula does not articulate with the _1_ and so does not _2_
1) femur
| 2) bear weight
30
The _1_ is the keystone of a _2_ formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones of each foot, which _3_ between the heel and the forefoot when standing
1) talus
2) longitudinal arch
3_ distribute weight evenly
31
The intertrochanteric line runs from the _1_ on the _2_ side of the femur. The intertrochanteric crest is on the _3_ side of the femur
1) greater to lesser trochanters
2) anterior
3) posterior
32
The _1_ articulate with the _2_ to form the knee joint
1) femoral condyles
| 2) tibial condyles
33
The proximal femur is L-shaped due to a bend in the proximal femur. This bend forms the _1_ which averages _2_ in adults. This angle allows _3_ but also _4_.
1) angle of inclination
2) 126 degrees
3) greater mobility of the femur at the hip joint
4) imposes strain on the neck of the femur
34
The _1_ is formed by the axis of the head and neck of the femur and the transverse axis of the femoral condyles.
1) angle of torsion (angle of declination)
35
The torsion angle and the angle of inclination allow rotary movements of the femur head and acetabulum to ______
convert into flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotational movements of the thigh
36
The tibia is a large, _1_ bone that articulates with _2_ superiorly, the _3_ inferiorly, and the _4_ laterally and at its proximal and distal ends
1) weight bearing
2) femoral condyles
3) talus of the foot
4) fibula
37
The fibula lies _1_ to the tibia and serves mostly as _2_
1) posterolateral
| 2) a place for muscle attachment
38
The _1_ is the passageway for structures entering or leaving the pelvis and the _2_ is the passageway for structures entering or leaving the perineum
1) greater sciatic foramen
| 2) lesser sciatic foramen
39
The gluteal muscles are organized into superficial and deep layers. The superficial layer is made up of the following muscles:
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fascia latae
40
The deep layer of gluteal muscles includes the following muscles:
- piriformis
- obturator internus
- superior and inferior gamelli
- quadratus femoris
41
The deep gluteal muscles work to:
laterally rotate and stabilize the hips
42
Gluteal bursae cushion areas of friction. These are the major ones:
- trochanteric bursa - separate glut max from greater trochanter
- ischial bursa - separates inferior border of glut max from ischial tuberosity
- gluteofemoral bursa - separates iliotibial tract from proximal attachment of vastus lateralis
43
The posterior thigh muscles include:
- hamstring muscles:
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- biceps femoris (long head)
- short head of biceps femoris
44
The gluteal region is innervated by _1_. The peritoneum is innervated by _2_. The posterior thigh muscles are innervated by _3_
1) superior and inferior gluteal nerves
2) pudendal nerve
3) sciatic nerve
45
The sciatic nerve is two nerves combined in the same tissue sheath. These nerves are _1_ and _2_. The sciatic nerve does not supply the _3_.
1) Tibial nerve
2) common fibular nerve
3) gluteal region
46
The sciatic nerve innervates ______
Posterior thigh muscles, all leg and foot muscles, and the skin of most of the leg and foot
47
The arteries of the gluteal region arise from _1_ and include _2_ and _3_
1) internal iliac arteries
2) inferior and superior gluteal arteries
3) internal pudendal artery
48
The internal pudendal artery receives blood from _1_, _2_, _3_, and _4_ but does not supply the buttocks
1) inferior gluteal
2) medial circumflex femoral
3) perforating arteries
4) popliteal artery
49
_1_ is the chief artery of the thigh and gives off _2_
1) profunda femoris artery
| 2) perforating arteries
50
For the deeper veins of the leg, many have names that are the same as the _1_ of the region and these veins also tend to _2_ their respective _2_.
1) artery
| 2) follow in course
51
The _1_ drain blood from the peritoneum; the _2_ drain blood from the posterior compartment of the thigh into the _3_.
1) pudendal veins
2) perforating veins
3) profunda femoris vein
52
Lymph of the deep tissues of the gluteal region drain in this order: (1)
Lymph from superficial tissues of the gluteal region drain in this order: (2)
1) gluteal vessels to gluteal lymph nodes --> internal, external, and common iliac lymph nodes --> lumbar lymph nodes
2) enter superficial inguinal lymph nodes --> external iliac nodes
53
The hip is what type of joint?
multiaxial ball and socket type of synovial joint
54
The _1_ articulates with the _2_ of the hip bone to form the hip joint. The depth of the _2_ is increased by the _3_ and the _4_.
1) head of the femur
2) acetabulum
3) acetabular labrum
4) transverse acetabular ligament
55
The hip joint is reinforced anteriorly and superiorly by the _1_, which prevents _2_, anteriorly and inferiorly by the _3_, which tightens during _4_, and posteriorly by the _5_, which is _6_
1) iliofemoral ligament
2) hyperextension of the hip
3) pubofemoral ligament
4) extension and abduction of the hip joint
5) ischiofemoral ligament
6) weak
56
The head and neck of the femur and the hip are supplied by _1_, which are branches of the _2_ which are branches of the _3_. There is also a branch off the obturator artery, the _4_, also called the "artery to the head of the femur."
1) retinacular arteries
2) medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
3) profunda femoris artery
4) acetabular branch
57
The degree of flexion and extension possible at the hip depends on
the position of the knee
58
What are the limiting structures of flexion at the hip joint?
- soft tissue apposition
- tension of joint capsule posteriorly
- tension of gluteus maximus
59
What are the limiting structures of extension at the hip joint?
- iliofemoral ligament
- ischiofemoral ligament
- pubofemoral ligament
- tension of the iliopsoas
60
What are the limiting structures of abduction at the hip?
- pubofemoral ligament
- ischiofemoral ligament
- inferior band of iliofemoral ligament
- tension of hip adductors
61
What are the limiting structures of adduction in the hip joint?
- soft tissue apposition of thigh
- tension of iliotibial band
- joint capsule
- superior band of iliofemoral ligament
- hip abductors
62
What are the limiting structures of internal rotation of the hip?
- iliofemoral ligament
- posterior joint capsule
- tension of external rotators of hip joint
63
Limiting structures of external rotation of the hip?
- iliofemoral ligament
- pubofemoral ligament
- anterior joint capsule
64
The nerve supply to the hip joint is the _1_ anteriorly, the _2_ inferiorly, the _3_ superiorly, and the _4_ posteriorly
1) femoral nerve
2) obturator nerve
3) superior gluteal nerve
4) nerve to quadratus femoris
65
Quadratus femoris main actions (2)
- laterally rotates hip joint
| - pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint
65
The boundaries of the popliteal fossa are the _1_ superolaterally, the _2_ superomedially, the _3_ inferolaterally, and the _4_ inferomedially
1) biceps femoris
2) semimembranosus
3) lateral head of gastrocnemius
4) medial head of gastrocnemius
66
The roof (posteriorly) of the popliteal fossa is _1_. The floor is made up of _2_, _3_, and _4_.
1) skin and popliteal fascia
2) popliteal surface of the femur
3) posterior capsule of the knee joint
4) popliteal fascia over popliteus muscle
67
The sciatic nerve branches medially into the _1_, which branches into the _2_ and the _3_.
1) tibial nerve
2) medial sural cutaneous nerve
3) sural nerve
68
The sciatic nerve branches laterally into the _1_, which branches into the _2_ which then branches into the _3_ and the _4_ down in the leg
1) common fibular nerve
2) lateral sural cutaneous nerve
3) superficial fibular nerve
4) deep fibular nerve
69
The communicating sural nerve, a branch off of the _1_, joins the medial sural cutaneous nerve of the tibial nerve to create the _2_.
1) common fibular nerve
| 2) sural nerve
70
Contents of the popliteal fossa:
- termination of the small saphenous vein
- popliteal artery and popliteal vein
- tibial and common fibular nerves
- posterior lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
- fat (lots of it)
71
The _1_ forms a protective covering over the popliteal fossa and is a continuation of the _2_. After the popliteal fossa this fascia continues down the leg as the _3_.
1) popliteal fascia
2) fascia lata
3) deep fascia of the leg
72
The popliteal artery begins where the femoral artery passes through the _1_. It ends at the inferior border of the popliteus where it divides into the _2_ and _3_. The popliteal artery gives off five _4_ that supply the knee joint and provide _5_ during full knee flexion.
1) adductor hiatus
2) anterior and
3) posterior tibial arteries
4) genicular branches
5) collateral circulation
73
The ___ supply the hamstring, gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles
muscular branches of the popliteal artery
74
What nerve supplies the skin overlying the popliteal fossa?
The posterior cutaneous nerve (branches off of the sacral plexus)
75
The sciatic nerve ends at the _1_. The _2_ is the most superficial of the three main components of the popliteal fossa.
1) superior angle of the popliteal fossa
| 2) tibial nerve
