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anatomy > lab practical 1 > Flashcards

lab practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

posterior

A

towards the back

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2
Q

anterior

A

towards the front

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3
Q

proximal

A

towards point of origin

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4
Q

distal

A

away from point of origin

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5
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

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6
Q

medial

A

toward midline

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7
Q

superior

A

toward the head

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8
Q

inferior

A

away from head toward the tail

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9
Q

superficial

A

towards the skins surface

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10
Q

deep

A

further away from the surface

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11
Q

cranial cavity

A

brain

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12
Q

vertebral cavity

A

spinal cord

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13
Q

plural cavity

A

surrounds lungs

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14
Q

pericardial cavity

A

sounds heart

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15
Q

abdominal cavity

A

abdominal viscera

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16
Q

pelvic cavity

A

reproductive, urinary, digestive organs

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17
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

abdominal and lymphatic organs

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18
Q

right upper quadrant

A

liver, pancreas, gallbladder, duodenum, transverse colon

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19
Q

right lower quadrant

A

small intestine, ascending colon, appendix, urinary bladder

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20
Q

left upper quadrant

A

liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, transverse colon

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21
Q

left lower quadrant

A

small intestine, descending colon, urinary bladder

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22
Q

hypertonic

A

higher solute outside, higher water inside, water moves out and cell shrinks

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23
Q

isotonic

A

equal solute, equal water, no net movement,

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24
Q

hypotonic

A

higher solute inside, higher water outside, water moves IN, cell swells

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25
Q

simple squamous

A

consists of a single layer of flat cells with a centrally located, flattened nucleus.

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26
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

short and have a spherical, central nucleus.

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27
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

spherical nuclei generally located near the base of the cell.

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28
Q

psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

looks as if it has many cell layers but actually has only one layer of cells

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29
Q

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

A

consists of epithelial cells called keratinocytes that produce the protein keratin. flaky looking cells

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30
Q

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

A

contains no keratin and is located in places subject to lesser degrees of mechanical stress, such as the oral cavity, the pharynx, the anus, and the vagina

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31
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

the apical or surface cells are dome-shaped, but when the tissue is stretched, they flatten and are squamous in appearance.

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32
Q

loose areolar connective tissue

A

gives it a “loose” appearance on a slide

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33
Q

reticular connective tissue

A

consists of many reticular fibers produced by cells

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34
Q

adipose tissue

A

consists mostly of huge cells called adipocytes with collagen fibers in the ECM. Each adipocyte contains a large lipid droplet that occupies most of its cytoplasm.

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35
Q

dense regular collagenous tissue

A

collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles with little ground substance and few cells.

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36
Q

dense irregular collagenous tissue

A

bundles of collagen fibers. Collagen bundles are arranged in an irregular, haphazard fashion without a consistent pattern.

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37
Q

dense elastic connective tissue

A

elastic fibers arranged in parallel bundles.

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38
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

chondrocytes scattered in ground substance with few visible protein fibers. smooth, glassy appearance

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39
Q

fibrocartilage

A

fibrocartilage tough and extremely strong but not very smooth

40
Q

elastic cartilage

A

ECM that is filled with elastic fibers that allow it to stretch and recoil.

41
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

A

long, tubular, and striated in appearance

42
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

A

located in the heart, are short, wide, striated, and tend to be branching

43
Q

smooth muscle tissue

A

flat with a single nucleus in the center of the cell

44
Q

neurons

A

responsible for sending and receiving messages within the nervous system

45
Q

stratum corneum

A

Outermost layer of keratinocytes (sometimes called the “horny layer”)

46
Q

stratum luicidum

A

The cells of this layer are flattened, densely packed, largely devoid of organelles, and filled with the proteins keratin and keratohyalin.

47
Q

stratum granulosum

A

These cells become flattened, the plasma membrane becomes less permeable, and the organelles deteriorate.

48
Q

stratum spinosum

A

“spiny layer”, refers to the fact that the cells look like miniature pincushions in standard histological sections.

49
Q

stratum basale

A

The deepest epidermal layer consisting of a single row of basal cells, or germinative cells, that are undergoing rapid mitotic divisions

50
Q

papillary layer

A

contains the capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons that supply the surface of the skin.

51
Q

reticular layer

A

interwoven meshwork of dense irregular connective tissue containing both collagen and elastic fibers.

52
Q

hypodermis

A

Separates skin from deeper structures.
Stabilizes position of skin relative to underlying tissues

53
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

palms, soles of the feet and forehead.

54
Q

appocrine sweat glands

A

release secretions into sweat glands

55
Q

ceruminous glands

A

Modified Apocrine glands that line the external ear canal and secrete a sticky, bitter substance called cerumen.

56
Q

mammary glands

A

Specialized Apocrine sweat gland that secretes milk

57
Q

cranial

A

head

58
Q

frontal

A

forehead

59
Q

orbital

A

eye

60
Q

nasal

A

nose

61
Q

buccal

A

cheek

62
Q

otic

A

ear

63
Q

oral

A

mouth

64
Q

occipital

A

base of skull

65
Q

nuchal

A

back of neck

66
Q

mental

A

chin

67
Q

cervical

A

C1-C7

68
Q

acromial

A

shoulder

69
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade

70
Q

sternal

A

sternum

71
Q

thoracic

A

upper middle back

72
Q

axillary

A

arm pit

73
Q

mammary

A

breast

74
Q

brachial

A

bicep

75
Q

antecubital

A

front elbow

76
Q

vertebral

A

spine

77
Q

abdominal

A

stomach

78
Q

umbilical

A

belly button

79
Q

antibrachial

A

forearm

80
Q

carpal

A

wrist

81
Q

manual

A

back of hand

82
Q

palmer

A

palm

83
Q

digital

A

fingers

84
Q

pelvic

A

pelvis

85
Q

lumbar

A

lower back

86
Q

gluteal

A

butt

87
Q

inguinal

A

hip crease below pelvic

88
Q

pubic

A

above genitals

89
Q

femoral

A

femur

90
Q

patellar

A

knee

91
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

92
Q

crural

A

shin

93
Q

sural

A

calf

94
Q

tarsal

A

7 bones top of the foot

95
Q

calcaneal

A

back of foot

96
Q

plantar

A

heel

anatomy (13 decks)

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