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A&P II > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal hemoglobin value for males

A

13-18 g/dL

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2
Q

Normal hemoglobin value for females

A

11.5-16 g/dL

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3
Q

Define hematocrit

A

the percentage of packed RBCs in a blood sample

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4
Q

What is the spinny thing?

A

a centrifuge or microcentrifuge

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5
Q

Formula for calculating hematocrit values

A

mm of packed RBCs/total mm of entire blood column

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6
Q

Normal hematocrit percentage range for males

A

39-54%

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7
Q

Normal hematocrit percentage range for females

A

35-48%

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8
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Segmented Neutrophils

A

50-65%

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9
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Band Neutrophils

A

0-5%

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10
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Normal Lymphocytes

A

15-40%

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11
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Atypical Lymphocytes

A

0-1%

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12
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Monocytes

A

0-10%

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13
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Eosinophils

A

0-5%

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14
Q

WBC Count Normal Percentage Range: Basophils

A

0-2%

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15
Q

Segmented Neutrophils: High value suggests…

A

… bacterial infections.

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16
Q

Band Neutrophils: High value suggests…

A

… acute bacterial infections.

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17
Q

Normal Lymphocytes: High value suggest…

A

… viral infections.

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18
Q

Normal Lymphocytes: Low value suggests…

A

… AIDS.

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19
Q

Atypical Lymphocytes: Presence suggests…

A

… infectious mononucleosis.

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20
Q

Eosinophils: High value suggests…

A

… parasitic worms OR allergies.

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21
Q

When lymphocyte percentage is low…

A

… other WBC counts will seem high.

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22
Q

Atypical lymphocytes are transformed T-cells responding to…

A

… B-Lymphocytes that are infected with Epstein-Bar virus.

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23
Q

Segmented neutrophils are mature or new neutrophils?

A

mature

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24
Q

High eosinophils means

A

Parasitic worms or allergies

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25
High band neutrophils means
acute bacterial infection
26
Presence of Atypical lymphocytes means
infectious mononucleosis
27
Low normal lymphocytes means
AIDS
28
Other WBC counts seem high when
lymphocyte percentage is low
29
Cardiac event that generates a P-Wave
atrial depolarization
30
Cardiac event that generates the QRS complex
ventricular depolarization
31
Cardiac event that generates a T-Wave
ventricular repolarization
32
BIOPAC EKG Screen: What is Heart Rate (bpm) and where is it found on output?
Heart rate is beats per minute and the value is found in box on top of screen
33
BIOPAC EKG Screen: What is R-R value?
The top of QRS complex (R value) 1 to the top of QRS complex (R value) 2.
34
BIOPAC EKG Screen: What is Wave duration (delta T) and where is it found on output?
Wave duration is known as the delta T and measures the time between heartbeats (time elapsed between R-R). Value found in box on top of screen.
35
What is an arrhythmia?
abnormal rhythm due to defect in conduction system
36
Arrhythmias: define atrial flutter
rapid atrial contractions coupled with 2nd degree block
37
Arrhythmias: define ventricular fibrillation
ventricles "quiver" and stop pumping; no defined waves on ECG
38
Arrhythmias: define LQTS (Long QT Syndrome)
congenital disorder characterized by prolonged QT interval on ECG
39
Pulse Rate =
Systolic BP - Diastolic BP
40
Pulse Pressure =
Systolic BP - Diastolic BP
41
Heart Rate =
Systolic BP - Diastolic BP
42
BPM =
Systolic BP - Diastolic BP
43
What is the hemoglobinometer?
Measures hemoglobin values. Has a screen and a plate to place blood droplets for readings.
44
What is a pulse oximeter?
A pulse oximeter measures hemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate. Has a screen and a finger sensor attached to it.
45
What affects pulse oximeter readings?
dark nail polish
46
What is the normal SpO2 range in healthy people?
95-100%
47
What does an SpO2 below 92% indicate?
inadequate oxygen levels in the blood typically caused by respiratory distress.
48
What piece of equipment is used to measure blood pressure?
A sphygmomanometer
49
What is considered the normal range for blood pressure?
110-130 systolic (mmHg)/75-85 diastolic (mmHg)
50
What piece of equipment are the "lubb-dupp" sounds associated with?
stethoscope
51
What cardiac event is the "lubb" sound associated with?
"Lubb" (S1) is associated with the atrioventicular valves closing.
52
What cardiac event is the "dupp" sound associated with?
"Dupp" (S2) is associated with the semilunar valves closing.
53
Where can the radial artery be found?
medial portion of the wrist
54
Which of the "lubb-dupp" sounds is louder and more prolonged?
lubb
55
Which of the "lubb-dupp" sounds is shorter and sharper?
dupp
56
Where should the diaphragm of the stethoscope be placed for auscultation?
the level of the fifth intercostal space
57
define Blood Pressure
the pressure exerted by the blood as it pushes against the walls of the blood vessels
58
In what type of vessel does blood pressure typically rise and fall as the heart contracts and relaxes?
Arteries
59
Systolic blood pressure is the pressure measured at the moment...
... the ventricles contract.
60
Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure measured at the moment...
... the ventricles relax.
61
What is the layman name for the sphygmomanometer?
blood pressure cuff
62
Describe Systolic BP as it relates to Korotkoff sounds
Systolic BP is the sound of blood squirting through the now partially opened artery due to the release of enough air pressure from the sphygmomanometer to allow flow
63
Describe Diastolic BP as it relates to Korotkoff sounds
Diastolic BP is the lack of sound after the initial Korotkoff sound as blood is now able to flow freely without any turbulence caused by pressure from the sphygmomanometer
64
Stroke Volume =
Pulse Pressure OR Pulse Rate OR Heart Rate OR BPM x 1.7
65
Cardiac Output =
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate OR Pulse Rate OR Pulse Pressure OR BPM

A&P II (11 decks)

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