Lab Quiz 2

Question 1

(Prokaryotic) Enzyme

Answer 1

lower the activation energy of a reaction
- most are proteins with individual shapes determined by their unique amino acid sequence

enzyme

Question 2

Activation Energy

Answer 2

The amount of energy needed to trigger a reaction.

enzyme

Question 3

Active Site

Answer 3

• region where the enzyme binds that determines the catalytic effect of the enzyme.
• relative to the shape

enzyme

Question 4

Cofactors

Answer 4

Aid in the binding process.

i.e. metallic ions (Fe3+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+), vitamins or other small molecules

enzyme

Question 5

Coenzymes

Answer 5

Also aid in the binding process

i.e. metallic ions (Fe3+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+), vitamins or other small molecules

enzyme

Question 6

Dye-coupled reactions

Answer 6

• The process of adding a dye into a reaction in order to observe the reaction between two things of interest.
• This technique is often used when using a spectrophotometer.

enzyme

Question 7

Guaiacol

Answer 7

substrate

• colorless ==> brown (when oxidized)
• Used in the enzyme activity experiment, when oxidized it produces a brownish color.

enzyme

Question 8

Derivative graph

Answer 8

The slope of the raw data and verses the derivatives of the lines at certain points on the graph.

enzyme

Question 9

Denaturation

Answer 9

enzyme

When a protein loses its shape because of a change of external factors that differ from the native state.

Question 10

Microplane Reader

Answer 10

enzyme

Detect differences between wells on a microtiter plate.

Question 11

Spectrophotometry

Answer 11

enzyme

a method used to identify and quantify colored solutions based on their light absorbing properties

Question 12

Karyokinesis

Answer 12

Mitosis

Nuclear division during mitosis.

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

mitosis

The process in which cells replicate and produce two identical daughter cells.

Question 14

Cytokinesis

Answer 14

mitosis

Cytoplasmic divison, the last step in mitosis.

Question 15

Chromosomes

Answer 15

mitosis

The carrier of genes found in the nucleus.

Question 16

Sister Chromatids

Answer 16

mitosis

The duplicate parts of each chromosome.

Question 17

Centrosomes

Answer 17

mitosis

Where the microtubule spindles meet. Spindles radiate from here.

Question 18

Centromere

Answer 18

mitosis

Holds the sister chromatids together as part of the same chromosome.

Question 19

Spindle

Answer 19

mitosis
Microtubules radiating from the centromere. Connect to sister chromatids at the kinetochore to pull them apart during mitosis.

Question 20

Asters

Answer 20

mitosis

The “star-burst” structure made by the spindles and centrosome

Question 21

Furrowing

Cleavage Furrow

Answer 21

mitosis

The indent or separation between the two daughter cells in the mitosis.

Question 22

Cell Plate

Answer 22

mitosis

Found in plant cells, separates the daughter cells during the final stage of mitosis.

Question 23

Cell Cycle

Answer 23

mitosis

The cell cycle is the events that take place leading up to and during cellular division.

Question 24

Interphase

Answer 24

mitosis

the period of cellular growth prior to mitosis.

Question 25

Prophase

Answer 25

mitosis | The nuclear envelope disappears, spindle begins to form.

Question 26

Metaphase

Answer 26

mitosis | Spindle has arranged the chromosomes in the equator of the cell.

Question 27

Anaphase

Answer 27

mitosis | Sister chromatids begin to separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 28

Telophase

Answer 28

Mitosis | Chromosomes approach their individual poles, cleavage furrow begins to develop.

Question 29

Blastula

Answer 29

Mitosis | A hollow sphere of cells surrounding intracellular fluid.

Question 30

Fixative

Answer 30

mitosis | Used to preserve or stabilize specimens prior to microscopy.

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

Deoxyribonucleic acid double helix made up of AT and GC pairs

Question 32

Double Helix

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

A

Answer 33

DNA | Adenine

Question 34

G

Answer 34

DNA | Guanine

Question 35

T

Answer 35

DNA | Thymine

Question 36

C

Answer 36

DNA | Cytosine

Question 37

Proteins

Answer 37

the basis for almost all of your body's structures and functions DNA

Question 38

Gene

Answer 38

DNA | Section of DNA that contains the information to make protein.

Question 39

Genome

Answer 39

DNA | The collection of all of the information found in DNA.

Question 40

Ribosomes

Answer 40

protein manufacturers, within the cytoplasm DNA

Question 41

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Answer 41

Non-covalently bonded complex between the enzyme and substrate that only exists for a few microseconds. enzyme

Question 42

Nucleotide

Answer 42

DNA | A unit containing a base, sugar and phosphate.

Question 43

Endocrine (signaling)

Answer 43

fish Produces secretions distributed by blood stream. a type of long-distance signaling, occurs when a cell releases a chemical messenger and its target cell is farther away in the body. For example the hormone estrogen is produced in the ovaries with its target in a tissue somewhere in the body.

Question 44

Paracrine (Signaling)

Answer 44

fish Created by one cell, triggers cells around it. is a type of local signaling that occurs when a target cell and the signal-releasing cell are in the same general proximity.

Question 45

Autocrine (Signaling)

Answer 45

fish Created by cell, acts on the surface receptors of the same cell. occurs when the signal-releasing cell is the same as the target cell (the cell works on itself).

Question 46

Peroxidase

Answer 46

the enzyme in study in the laboratory - found in turnips - H2O2 + RH2 ==> 2 water + R R = guaniol

Question 47

Protease

Answer 47

degrades protein | purifies DNA

Question 48

Nicotine

Answer 48

Vasoconstrictor - a type of stimulant drug, is most commonly found in tobacco products, such as in cigarettes. - cause a build-up of plaque in the arteries, narrowing the arteries, and increasing blood flow

Question 49

Pseudoephedrine

Answer 49

vasoconstriction a type of nasal decongestant that also causes vasoconstriction due to dilated blood vessels

Question 50

Epinephrine

Answer 50

vasoconstriction a common hormone naturally released from the body during a flight or fight response during cardiac arrest, and anaphylaxis

Question 51

Nitroglycerin

Answer 51

vasodilator can open up the arteries, or blood vessels, to improve blood flow to treat angina symptoms

Question 52

H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide

Answer 52

substrate will react with guaicol enzyme

Question 53

Alcohol

Answer 53

precipitate DNA i.e. ethanol/isopropanol